GA3和TDZ对‘红艳无核’葡萄果实品质的影响

Influence of GA3 and TDZ on fruit quality of ’Hongyan Wuhe’ grape

【目的】研究赤霉酸(gibberellin acid,GA3)和噻苯隆(thidiazuron,TDZ)对'红艳无核'葡萄果实品质的影响,筛选适宜'红艳无核'品质提升的植物生长调节剂类型和浓度配比,为'红艳无核'葡萄合理施用植物生长调节剂提供理论依据,为其优质化栽培提供参考。【方法】以4 a(年)生'红艳无核'葡萄为试材,在果实膨大初期分别用不同浓度的GA3、TDZ以及二者混合液浸蘸果穗,在果实成熟期对不同处理的果实外观品质和内在品质指标进行测定。【结果】经GA3和TDZ处理后,果实的果穗质量、单果质量、纵横径、固酸比等均得到显著提升,其中以GA3处理和混合液处理的值相对较高;此外,GA3处理的果实着色指数达3.91,着色一致性显著优于其他处理,病果率较低(6.67%)。综合评价不同处理的果实品质,结果为GA3处理>混合液处理>TDZ处理>对照。【结论】GA3对'红艳无核'葡萄综合品质的提升效果最好,其中以25 mg·L^-1GA3处理的效果最佳。

【Objective】’Hongyan Wuhe’grape(’Red Globe’×’Centennial Seedless’)selected by Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences is an early-season seedless Eurasian variety with high quality.This grape variety has beautiful clusters and is nutritious.In addition,it has good storability and promising application prospects.However,’Hongyan Wuhe’produces small berries,with an average berry weight of 4.0 g.The color of the berries is uneven,and the clusters are compact.In rainy seasons,the inner berries of the clusters are prone to cracking,which causes the whole cluster to rot.Therefore,it is of great significance to apply plant growth regulators and other cultivation techniques to increase fruit size,improve coloration,reduce cracking incidence,and improve the comprehensive quality of’Hongyan Wuhe’.Gibberellic acid(GA3)and thidiazuron(TDZ)are widely used in viticulture to improve fruit set,increase fruit size and improve fruit quality.However,the suitable stage for application and concentrations and ratio of plant growth regulators vary greatly depending on the variety.Improper use may cause problems such as hollow fruit,insufficient bunch firmness,and reduced fruit quality.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of gibberellin acid(GA3)and thidiazuron(TDZ)on the fruit quality of’Hongyan Wuhe’grape,and screen the composition and concentrations of the plant growth regulators suitable for improving the quality of the berries.【Methods】Four-year-old’Hongyan Wuhe’grapevines were used in this study as the test material.Grape clusters were evenly dipped with different concentrations of TDZ(A:1 mg·L^-1 TDZ;B:2.5 mg·L^-1 TDZ;C:5 mg·L^-1 TDZ;D:7.5 mg·L^-1 TDZ;E:10 mg·L^-1 TDZ),GA3(F:10 mg·L^-1 GA3;G:25 mg·L^-1 GA3;H:50 mg·L^-1 GA3;I:75 mg·L^-1 GA3;J:100 mg·L^-1 GA3),or their combinations(K:1 mg·L^-1 TDZ+10 mg·L^-1 GA3;L:2.5 mg·L^-1 TDZ+25 mg·L^-1 GA3;M:5 mg·L^-1 TDZ+50 mg·L^-1 GA3)during the early stage of the fruit enlargement.At the maturity stage,the growth indicators,quality indicators,color parameters and disease incidence of the fruit under different treatments were collected.SPSS software was used to carry out principal component analysis for comprehensive evaluation of the treatments.【Results】The results showed that the indexes such as bunch weight,single berry weight,and solid to acid ratio in the berries treated with GA3 and/or TDZ were significantly increased.The values in GA3 treatments and combined treatments were relatively higher.The fruit bunch weights in GA3 treatment and the combined treatment were 857.01 g and 835.40 g,respectively,and the single-berry weights were 7.08 g and 7.71 g,respectively.The longitudinal and transverse diameters were also significantly higher than those in the control and TDZ treatments.After treated with GA3 and TDZ,the soluble solid content in the fruit decreased significantly at different degrees compared with the control(19.20%).At the same time,titratable acid content also decreased compared with the control.Therefore,the ratio of soluble solids to acids in each treatment was significantly higher than the control.Except for the TDZ treatment,the vitamin C content in regulator treatments increased to varying degrees,and the tannin content also increased.In addition,the coloring effect of GA3 treatment was better,with an average a value of 10.27 and a coloring index of 3.91,which was significantly higher than the other treatments.The coloring uniformity in GA3 treatment was also significantly better than the other treatments.Diseased fruit rate was relatively low(6.67%)in GA3 treatment.Principal component analysis revealed the berry quality among different treatments in the order of GA3 treatment>combined treatment>TDZ treatment>control.The results indicate that the overall effect of GA3 treatment was the best followed by combined treatment.【Conclusion】It was found that GA3 treatment in the early stage of the fruit enlargement had the best effect in improving the overall quality of’Hongyan Wuhe’grapes.Among the different concentrations of GA3 tested,25 mg·L^-1 had the best effect.