我国朱槿曲叶病毒病及其传播介体烟粉虱分布调查

Distribution investigation of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Bemisia tabaci Gennadius in China

【目的】明确我国朱槿植株上木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒(Cotton leaf curl Multan virus,CLCuMuV)引起的朱槿曲叶病发生情况及烟粉虱隐种种群组成,为朱槿曲叶病的早期监测及基于控制传播介体的病毒防控提供科学依据。【方法】2017年11月—2018年8月,从我国广东、广西、海南、云南、福建、新疆、内蒙、山东、浙江和四川等10省(区)32市(县)的城市绿化区域(公园、公路旁绿化区域)及花卉市场采集朱槿曲叶病疑似病株及健康朱槿植株叶片,运用PCR进行CLCuMuV检测,并利用mtCOⅠ基因序列对采自田间朱槿植株上的单头烟粉虱进行隐种鉴定及UPGMA聚类分析。【结果】我国广东、广西、海南、云南和福建5省(区)绿化朱槿被CLCuMuV侵染发病的比率较高,平均为44.43%~81.95%,高于新疆(4.39%)和内蒙古(0.63%)的发病率,而山东、浙江和四川的朱槿植株暂未发现CLCuMuV感染。在大部分采样点,烟粉虱种群密度较低,除内蒙古的平均虫株率为15.00%外,其他省(区)的平均虫株率均低于5.00%。对采集的烟粉虱隐种鉴定结果表明,烟粉虱种群包括MEAM1、MED、AsiaⅡ7、AsiaⅡ1和AsiaⅠ等5个隐种,其中AsiaⅡ7和MEAM1为优势种群,所占比例分别为44.7%和32.5%。【结论】目前我国南方地区朱槿曲叶病发病率较高,其传毒介体烟粉虱AsiaⅡ7和MEAM1为优势种群。随着朱槿盆栽花卉贸易及苗木跨区调运,CLCuMuV有向内地逐渐扩散的趋势,应采取相应措施提早防范木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒在我国棉区发生流行。

【Objective】The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus(CLCuMuV)and the Bemisia tabaci Gennadius on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plants in China,provide early warning and monitoring for the cotton leaf curl disease caused by this virus,and provide a basis for preventing the outbreak of the vector and diseases.【Method】Using PCR method,the CLCuMuV detection on suspected diseased plants and healthy plants of hibiscus collected from urban green areas(park,roadside green areas)and flower markets in 32 cities/counties of 10 provinces/regions(Guangdong,Guangxi,Hainan,Yunnan,Fujian,Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,Shandong,Zhejiang and Sichuan)of China in 2017-2018 were detected.mtCOⅠgene sequence was used for identification of whitefly collected from the hibiscus,and the UPGMA phylogenetic tree was constructed by using MEGA 5.0.【Result】The hibiscus infected CLCuMuV were serious in five provinces(regions):Guangdong,Guangxi,Hainan,Yunnan and Fujian,the average incidence rate was 44.43%-81.95%,which was higher than Xinjiang(4.39%)and Inner Mongolia(0.63%).Hibiscus had not been found infected CLCuMuV in Shandong,Zhejiang and Sichuan.In most of the sampling sites,the population density of whitefly was low.The average whitefly in Inner Mongolia was 15.0%,and other provinces(regions)was lower than5.00%.The collected whiteflies were identified based on mtCOⅠgene sequence,the results showed that there were five cryptic species,including MEAM1,MED,AsiaⅡ7,AsiaⅡ1 and AsiaⅠ.AsiaⅡ7 and MEAM1 were the dominant species,the proportions were 44.7%and 32.5%respectively.【Conclusion】CLCuMuV has been occurring seriously on hibiscus in southern China at present,the whitefly AsiaⅡ7 and MEAM1 are the dominant species on hibiscus.With the cross-regional transport of the CLCuMuV-infected hibiscus plants,CLCuMuV has a gradual spread and epidemic trend in China.