唐代黑水都督府的历史地理学考察

Historical Geographical Observations on the Heishui General Government in Tang Dynasty

唐开元年间先后在渤海北境、黑水靺鞨地方设置勃利州、黑水军、黑水都督府。从文献与考古材料双重视角入手,可以对与黑水都督府建置有关的勃利州(渤州)、黑水靺鞨道、渤海都督府、安静都督府、黑水靺鞨思慕部等问题进行梳理和考索,又结合渤海与黑水靺鞨军事对抗导致黑水靺鞨自牡丹江中下游不断北移的历史背景,再考黑水都督府的具体地望。研究渤海都督府、安静都督府辖区以及黑水靺鞨思慕部相对位置关系,又考虑其为具有地区战略意义的和扼守渤海上京以北、贯穿南北黑水靺鞨交通孔道的军政重镇,萝北县江岸古城当为唐开元年间设置的黑水都督府治所所在。

During the period of Kaiyuan’s reign in Tang Dynasty,Boli Prefecture,Heishui Army Arca,and Heishui Genaral Government were consecutively set up on the northern border,where were the later Bohai Kingdom and the district of Heishui-mohe.Using documents and archeological materials,combing with related studies of Boli Prefecture(Bozhou),Heishui-mohe Roadway,Bohai Genaral Government,Anjing Genaral Government,and Simu Tribe of Heishui-mohe,the Jiang’an ancient city of presentd-day Luobei County should be the seat of Heishui General Government in history.The inference also considered the historical background of the military confrontation between the Bohai Kingdom and Heishui-mohe,which caused Heishui-mohe to move northward from the middle and lower reaches of the Mudanjiang River.As a regional strategic center and a geographically significant military and political town,Heishui General Government guarded the north front of the Shangjing(Upper Capital)of Bohai and ran through Heishui-mohe along the line of traffic tunnels;at the same time,it was in accordance with the relative positional relationship between the Bohai Genaral Government,Anjing Genaral Government’s jurisdiction and Simu Tribe of Heishui-mohe.These also proved the Jiangan ancient city being seat of the Heishui Genaral Government set up during the Kaiyuan period of Tang Dynasty.