中国跨项目越野滑雪运动员身体成分特征及对我国备战2022年北京冬奥会的启示

The Body Composition Characteristics of Chinese Talent Transferred Cross Country Skiers and the Enlightenments for China’s Preparation for the Beijing 2022Winter Olympic Games

目的:探究中国跨项目越野滑雪运动员的身体成分特点,为我国备战2022年北京冬奥会提出有针对性的训练建议。方法:使用iDXA分析仪对中国60名跨项目越野滑雪运动员(男、女各30人)进行身体成分测试,并将测试结果与世界顶级越野滑雪运动员进行比较。结果:跨项目越野滑雪男子运动员在身高、体重、BMI、全身及各环节总质量、全身及各环节肌肉质量、全身及各环节肌肉质量百分比等指标上显著高于女子运动员(P<0.05)。原赛艇和原皮划艇运动员在身高、体重、全身及各环节总质量、全身及各环节肌肉质量、全身及各环节骨骼质量等指标上显著高于原中长跑运动员(P<0.05)。与世界顶级越野滑雪运动员相比,原皮划艇运动员的躯干脂肪质量和躯干脂肪质量百分比偏高,原中长跑运动员的上肢、躯干肌肉质量差距较大。结论:不同性别、不同来源项目运动员的身体形态和身体成分差异显著,教练员团队应根据跨项目越野滑雪运动员的不同特点制订针对性的训练计划;原赛艇和原皮划艇运动员应加强有氧训练,以降低身体脂肪质量,提升有氧能力;原中长跑运动员应加强力量训练,以提升全身及各环节肌肉质量。

Objective:To explore the body composition characteristics of Chinese talent transferred cross country skiers and provide specific training suggestion for China's preparation for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.Methods:60 talent transferred cross country skiers(30 males and 30 females)were tested by Luna iDXA machine,and the results were compared with the world class cross country skiers.Results:The height,weight,BMI,total mass of whole body and all segments,muscle mass of whole body and all segments,the percentage of muscle mass of whole body and all segments of cross country skiing male athletes were significantly higher than female athletes(P<0.05).The former rowing and canoeing athletes were significantly higher than the former middle distance runners in terms of height,weight,total mass of whole body and all segments,muscle mass of whole body and all segments,and bone mass of whole body and all segments(P<0.05).Compared with the top cross country skiing athletes in the world,the former canoeing athletes had higher trunk fat mass and trunk fat,while the former middle distance runners shown large gap on the muscle mass of upper limbs and trunk.Conclusion:The athletes from different gender and different sports show significant difference between each other,it is suggest that the coaching team should design specific training programs according to the individual characteristics of each talent transferred cross country skiers;the athletes from rowing and canoeing should have more aerobic training,in order to reduce the mass of body fat and to improve the aerobic capacity;the athletes from former middle and long distance running should have more strength training to improve the muscle mass of the whole body and all segments.