2022年北京冬奥会冰雪运动颌面创伤特征及预防策略的调查研究

Investigation on the Characteristics and Prevention Strategies of Maxillofacial Trauma in Beijing 2022 OlympicWinter Games

目的:分析冰雪运动中颌面创伤的现状和成因,采取各类措施对颌面创伤进行有效预防。方法:对10个冰雪运动项目国家队107名现役运动员进行针对颌面创伤现状、成因以及相关预防措施的问卷调查。结果:1)107人中颌面创伤发生率为25.2%;2)颌面创伤性质方面多数为急性损伤(88.9%);最容易发生颌面创伤的部位是面部皮肤(48.1%);最常见的颌面创伤类型为擦伤/挫伤/血肿(77.9%);3)颌面创伤病例中,有33.3%为严重损伤,92.6%发生于训练过程中;4)导致颌面创伤的原因多为技术动作错误(59.3%)、与静态物体碰撞或接触(77.8%);5)不了解颌面相关知识的人数达到总被试人数的52.4%。结论:1)备战中要积极对运动员进行颌面相关理论知识的培训;2)训练和比赛中要为运动员提供符合项目特征的颌面护具并要求佩戴;3)运用科学技术手段改进训练方法,优化运动员的技术动作。

Objective:In order to analyze the present situation and the cause of the maxillofacial trauma in ice and snow sports and formulate the corresponding prevention measures,through taking various measures to effectively prevent maxillofacial trauma.Methods:The questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the status quo,causes and relevant preventive measures of maxillofacial trauma in 107 athletes from 10 national sports teams of ice and snow sports.Results:1)The incidence of maxillofacial trauma in 107 people was 25.2%;2)most of the maxillofacial injuries were acute injuries,accounting for 88.9%of the total number of maxillofacial injuries;the most likely location of maxillofacial trauma was facial skin,accounting for 48.1%;the most common type of maxillofacial trauma was bruise/contusion/hematoma,accounting for 77.9%;3)severe injuries accounted for 33.3%of the maxillofacial trauma cases and 92.6%of maxillofacial injuries occurred during training;4)the most common causes of maxillofacial trauma were technical action errors which accounting for 59.3%and collision or contact with static objects which accounting for 77.8%;5)the number of people without knowledge of maxillofacial reached 52.4%of the total number of subjects.Conclusion:1)In the process of preparation,the athletes should be actively trained in maxillofacial related theoretical knowledge;2)the athletes should be provided with the maxillofacial protection according to the characteristics of the sport and required to wear during the training and competition;3)use scientific and technological measures to improve training methods and optimize the technical actions of athletes.