迈向多元、关联与合作:关系民族志的新思考

Beyond Essentialism,Structuralism and Dualism:A Review of Relational Ethnography

关系主义范式的转向是当代人类学民族志研究的新视角,是从本体论与认识论出发,侧重于对本质论、实在论和实证主义的反思,克服主体/客体、本质/现象简单二元划分以及静态式结构分析的弊端。首先分析本质论、结构主义与二元论的视野盲点,然后分别从世界、社会、文化的三重维度来阐释民族志中关系主义研究的重要性,最后总结出:跨界、多元、复数与混合是当下世界的现实。关系民族志是全球化时代的产物,也是世界体系下研究复杂社会与文化越来越重要的方法。我们应提倡一种动态的、情景的、关联性的整体观,迈向多元、关联与合作,实现民族志新的知识生产。

The shift of the relational paradigm is a new perspective of contemporary anthropological ethnographic research,drawing on the turn of ontology and epistemology,focusing on reflections on essentialism,realism,and positivism,and overcoming the simple dual division of subject/object and essence/phenomenon,and the disadvantages of static structural analysis. This study first analyzes the blind spots in the perspectives of essentialism,structuralism,and dualism,and then explains the importance of relationalism in ethnography from the three dimensions of world,society,and culture. Finally,it concludes that,cross-border,pluralism,and hybrids,is the reality of the present world. Relational ethnography is a product of the era of globalization and an increasingly important method for studying complex societies and cultures under the world system.