告示语的言语行为分析

Verbal Action Analysis of Notice

告示语的实质就是发布者对大众直接或间接地发布某个指令,禁止、祈求、建议、告知公众实施某一行为。告示语多属指令性言语行为。直接指令告示语多使用祈使句或带有"禁止""不许""请勿""请"等词语。间接指令告示语表达形式灵活,有规约性和非规约性两种表达策略。话语主体的社会角色关系制约着告示语言语指令行为的选择。间接指令类告示语的指令力度小于直接指令类,但指令效果高于直接指令告示语。

The essence of a notice is that the publisher directly or indirectly issues an instruction to the public,forbidding,praying,suggesting and informing the public to carry out a certain act. Notices are mostly mandatory speech acts.Imperative sentences or words such as prohibition,not allowed,please don’t and please are often used in direct instruction notices. Indirect instruction signs have flexible expression forms and conventional and non conventional expression strategies. The social role relationship of the discourse subject restricts the choice of the directive behavior of the notice language. The instruction strength of indirect instruction is less than that of direct instruction,but the instruction effect is higher than that of direct instruction.