GPC3在肝癌诊治中的研究进展

Research progress on glypican-3 in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3(glypican3,GPC3)是一种包含硫酸乙酰肝素(heparan sulfate,HS)链和核心蛋白的细胞表面糖蛋白,通过磷脂酰肌醇锚(glycosylphosphatidylinositol,GPI)连接于细胞表面,与多种肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,对肿瘤细胞的增殖、凋亡及侵袭转移有着重要的调控作用。GPC3在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中高表达,且可以通过影响Wnt和YAP等信号通路控制HCC细胞的增殖,进而影响肿瘤的生长和转移。临床上GPC3已被用于HCC的诊断,靶向GPC3的治疗研究包括靶向抗体、免疫毒素、细胞免疫和基因治疗也正在开展。本文将阐述GPC3的结构以及在HCC发生发展中的作用,对GPC3在HCC中的诊断应用和以其为靶点的免疫疗法和基因疗法的研究进展进行综述,为GPC3用于治疗HCC提供证据和新方向。

Glypican3(GPC3)is a cell-surface glycoprotein consisting of heparan sulfate(HS)glycosaminoglycan chains and a core protein that resides on the exterior cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)anchor.It is closely associated with the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors and plays an important role in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion,and metastasis.GPC3 is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and can affect the proliferation of HCC cells through signaling pathways such as the Wnt and YAP pathways,thus affecting tumor growth and metastasis.To date,GPC3 has been used in the diagnosis of HCC.Various therapeutic protocols targeting GPC3 have been developed,including protocols involving anti-GPC3 cytotoxic antibodies,immunotoxin therapies,adoptive cellular immunotherapies,and genetic therapies.This review introduces the structure and function of GPC3 and summarizes the research progress on GPC3-targeted immunotherapy and gene therapy for HCC.This review aims to provide evidence and new directions for the application of GPC3 in HCC management.