安徽省水稻化肥减施增效技术集成模式效果评估

Evaluation of the Integrated Mode of Reducing Fertilizer and Increasing Efficiency in Rice Production in Anhui

为了探索水稻化肥减施新途径,实现农业绿色发展,依托科技部国家重点研发计划“化肥农药减施增效技术应用研究”项目,2017—2019年在安徽省不同水稻种植区开展了水稻机械旱条直播一次性施肥技术、水稻机械化秧肥同步一次性施肥技术和水稻机械穴直播一次性施肥技术模式示范研究,并对3种减肥技术模式的减肥效果进行了评估。结果表明,较常规施肥,采用化肥减施技术模式后,水稻可减肥23.2%~26.3%,同时增产5.9%~13.0%,氮肥利用率提升9.0%~22.0%,经济效益增加1150~2751元/hm^(2)。各减肥技术模式对于水稻增产、提高肥料利用率均有显著作用,适宜在安徽省大规模推广。

In order to explore a new way to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer in rice and realize the green development of agriculture, relying on the national key research and development plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology, “application research on the technology of reducing the application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide and increasing efficiency”. From 2017 to 2019, demonstration studies were carried out in different rice planting areas of Anhui Province, including one-time fertilization technology of rice mechanical dry strip direct seeding, synchronous one-time fertilization technology of rice mechanized seedling fertilizer and one-time fertilization technology mode of rice mechanical hole direct seeding in different rice planting areas of Anhui Province, and the weight loss effect of three modes was evaluated. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, the rice could reduce fertilizer by 23.2% - 26.3%, increase yield by 5.9% - 13.0%, increase nitrogen use efficiency by 9.0% - 22.0%, and increase economic benefits by 1 150-2 751 yuan/hm^(2). The results showed that all the fertilizer reduction techniques had significant effects on increasing rice yield and improving fertilizer utilization rate, which was suitable for large-scale promotion in Anhui Province.