不同类型缓控释肥对水稻南粳9108氮素利用的影响

Effects of Different Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizer Treatments on Nitrogen Utilization of Nangeng 9108

[目的]研究3种缓释肥施肥处理和农民常用施肥处理间氮肥的综合利用情况,,更好地展现不同肥料之间的性价比。[方法]采用收集氨气的方法,土壤总氮径流失量计算是通过稻田排水前后水位差值计算出径流量然后将水样进行分析,总氮采用碱性过硫酸钾氧化紫外分光光度法进行测定。[结果]缓释肥的氮肥利用率高达60%~70%,是传统肥料利用率的1倍多。相比常规肥料缓释肥不仅减少了人工施肥次数,还可显著提高氮肥利用率和吸收率从而减少氮肥的损失。[结论]硫包膜缓释肥前期释放快后期乏力,树脂包膜缓释肥前期释放慢后劲强,缓释掺混肥释放较为均匀因此表现最为稳定。而常规施肥肥料施肥快易溶于水造成大量的径流和挥发不利于肥料的利用和环境的保护。

[Objective]To study the comprehensive utilization of nitrogen fertilizer between the three slow-release fertilizer treatments and the commonly used fertilizer treatments of farmers.It can better show the cost performance of different fertilizers.[Method]The method of ammonia collection in this experiment was aeration method.The calculation of total nitrogen runoff in soil was to calculate the runoff through the difference of water level before and after drainage in paddy field,and then analyze the water sample.The total nitrogen was measured by alkaline potassium persulfate oxidation ultraviolet spectrophotometry.[Result]The nitrogen utilization rate of slow-release fertilizer could be as high as 60%-70%,which was more than one time as that of traditional fertilizer.Compared with conventional slow-release fertilizer,slow-release fertilizer could not only reduce the number of times of artificial fertilization,but also significantly improve the utilization and absorption rate of nitrogen fertilizer and reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer.[Conclusion]The release of sulfur coated slow-release fertilizer is fast in the early stage and weak in the later stage,while the release of resin coated slow-release fertilizer is strong in the early stage,and the release of slow-release mixed fertilizer is more uniform,so it is the most stable.However,conventional fertilization is not conducive to the utilization of fertilizer and environmental protection because of its fast dissolving in water and causing a lot of runoff and volatilization.