基于VIIRS夜间灯光数据的山东半岛城市群发展特征研究

Development Characteristics Estimation of Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration Using VIIRS Night Light Data

NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据是在中大尺度上开展城市发展变化研究的稳定数据源。基于2012~2018年NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据,以山东半岛城市群为研究对象,采用参考比较法提取城市建成区图斑,选取9个景观格局指数对山东半岛城市群的城市化发展特征进行定量分析。结果表明:①整体上,域内斑块总面积以4.5%的速度增长,边缘总长度和边缘密度年均增长3.15%,斑块数量和密度增长较快(分别为1.95%和1.98%),表明山东半岛城市群整体城市面积增长迅速,城市范围持续扩张;②从不同指标变化趋势来看,各城市斑块总面积增长最快的是青岛市和东营市(分别为9.66%和6.01%);青岛市的斑块数量和密度增速最快(分别为9.54%和8.55%),日照市的斑块数量和密度均以3.65%的速率显著降低;景观形状指数整体增速缓慢;平均回旋半径在日照市具有较高的年均增长速度(5.99%);③从各城市发展特征的差异性来看,青岛市的平均斑块面积和回旋半径分别以0.56%和1.53%的速度降低,其他各指标均显著增加,表明青岛市出现了较多的新兴城镇,城区面积不断扩大;济南、日照和东营市的城区面积增长较快,斑块数量、景观形状指数等指标增长缓慢,城市发展以旧城区的扩张为主;潍坊、淄博和烟台市在2015年和2016年前后经历了新兴城镇出现,城镇融合的阶段,城市发展较快。总体而言,山东半岛城市群城市化发展较快,但空间差异性明显。

NPP-VIIRS night lighting data is a stable data source for the study of urban development and change on medium and large scale.Based on the night lighting data of NPP-VIIRS from 2012 to 2018,taking Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as the research object,extracting urban built-up area patches by reference comparison method and selecting nine landscape pattern indices to quantitatively analyze the urbanization development characteristics of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration.The results showed that:①As a whole,the total area of patches in Shandong Peninsula increased at a rate of 4.5%,the total length and density of the edges increased by 3.15%annually,and the number and density of patches increased rapidly(1.95%and1.98%,respectively),indicating that the overall urban area of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration increased rapidly and the urban area continued to expand.②According to the changing trend of different indicators,qingdao and dongying cities(9.66%and 6.01%respectively)had the fastest growth in the total area of patches;qingdao had the fastest increase in the number and density of patches(9.54%and 8.55%respectively),and rizhao had a significant decrease in the number and density of patches at the rate of 3.65%;the overall growth rate of landscape shape index was slow;the average radius of gyration had a high annual growth rate in rizhao city(5.99%).③From the differences in the development characteristics of various cities,the average patch area and gyration radius of qingdao decreased by 0.56%and 1.53%respectively,while other indicators increased significantly,indicating that there were more emerging towns in qingdao and the urban area continued to expand.Urban areas in jinan,rizhao and dongying cities growed rapidly,and the number of patches,landscape shape index and other indicators grow slowly.The urban development of jinan,rizhao and dongying cities is dominated by the expansion of old urban areas.Around 2015 and 2016,weifang,zibo and yantai experienced the emergence of emerging towns and urban integration,with rapid urban development.Generally speaking,the urbanization of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration develops rapidly,but the spatial difference is obvious.