有计划废止制度的缘起、动因及生态启示

The Origin,Motivation and Ecological Enlightenment of Planned Obsolescence

有计划废止制度产生于耐用消费品市场趋于饱和的20世纪20年代,通常指企业为了刺激消费而故意缩短产品生命周期、加快商品更新换代速度的一种生产行为,它会造成资源的浪费,对生态环境产生负面影响。随着资源与环境日益成为经济发展的限制因素,探究有计划废止制度的缘起、动因以及解决其负面生态效应的方法,有着重要的理论与实践意义。通过分析国外相关文献可以发现,企业采用有计划废止制度是出于追逐利润的动力和竞争的压力。要缓解其负面生态影响,我国有必要借鉴国外管制有计划废止制度的经验,如对技术成熟的产品规定最短使用寿命、以绿色标签制度引导消费者选择绿色产品等。

Planned obsolescence came into being in the 1920s when the market for durable consumer goods be⁃came saturated.It usually refers to a kind of production behavior adopted by enterprises in order to stimulate con⁃sumption,which intentionally reduces the product life cycle and speeds up the replacement rate of commodities.It will cause a waste of resources and have a negative impact on the ecological environment.With resources and envi⁃ronment increasingly becoming the limiting factors of economic development,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the origin,motivation and solutions to the negative ecological effects of planned obsoles⁃cence.By analyzing the relevant foreign literature,it can be found that enterprises adopt planned obsolescence main⁃ly because of the internal driving force of profits and external pressure of competition.To mitigate its negative eco⁃logical impact,it is necessary to draw lessons from the experience of foreign countries in the control of planned obso⁃lescence.For example,the shortest service life can be defined for technologically mature products,and the green la⁃bel system can be used to guide consumers to choose green products.