开原龙卷风灾民创伤发生影响因素分析

Factors influencing trauma in tornado victims in Kaiyuan

目的本研究旨在分析在一定的人文和地理条件下,中国龙卷风伤害的特点和成因。方法采用随机抽样问卷调查的方法,对辽宁省开原市的EF-3级龙卷风受害者进行调查。收集灾民的人口学特征、灾害环境和个人行为信息。本研究采用χ^2检验和Logistic模型分析创伤发生影响的因素。结果开原市龙卷风有效问卷146份(有效率96.05%)。性别(OR=0.434,P=0.015)、年龄(OR=183.12,P=0.001)对受伤概率有显著影响。是否找到安全建筑(OR=7.652,P <0.001)、是否独居(OR=3.3,P=0.029)、是否关窗(OR=8.923,P <0.001)、是否设置避难场所(OR=2.875,P=0.03)、气象关注程度(OR=4.608,P <0.001)、防御知识了解程度(OR=2.885,P <0.001),显著影响创伤发生率。受害者是否在室内没有统计学差异。结论本研究明确了龙卷风伤病员发生的危险因素,有助于扩大龙卷风伤员发生的研究范围。政府应该提高住宅建筑的抗风能力、设置避难场所、关注对老年人的减灾避灾教育宣传。受害者应积极参加防灾演习、及时关注气象知识并了解相关防御知识,找到安全场所采取有效的避灾行动。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and causes of tornado-related damage in certain cultural and geographical conditions in China. Methods The EF-3 tornado victims in Kaiyuan, Liaoning were surveyed by random sampling questionnaire. The demographics, disaster environment and personal behavior of tornado victims were collected. Chi-square test and Logistic model analysis were used to analyze the factors influencing incidence of trauma. Results A total of 146 valid questionnaires were collected on tornado in Kaiyuan(validity rate 96.05%). Gender(OR=0.434, P=0.015) and age(OR=183.12, P=0.001) were found to have significant influence on trauma rate. Whether a safe building was found(OR=7.652, P < 0.001), whether the victim lived alone(OR=3.3, P=0.029), whether the windows were closed(OR=8.923, P < 0.001), and whether there was shelter available(OR=2.875, P=0.03), as well as the attention to whether(OR=4.608, P < 0.001) and knowledge of defense(OR=2.885, P < 0.001) also significantly influenced the incidence of trauma. Whether the victim was indoors showed no statistical difference. Conclusion The risk factors of the incidence of tornado-related damage are identified in the study, which contributes to the expanded research on the scope of tornado-related damage. In conclusion, the government should enhance the resistance of residential buildings against tornado, set up shelter, and improve the education to the elderly on disaster reduction and avoidance. Besides, victims should actively participate in disaster prevention exercises, pay timely attention to meteorological knowledge and relevant defense knowledge, and find safe places to take effective disaster prevention actions.