具有附加值的表面活性剂的现状及研究进展(续完)

Current state and research progress of added-value surfactants

4通过物理触发来影响表面活性剂的自组装高性能表面活性剂能够对多种化学触发因素产生反应。这些方法的缺点是刺激响应过程相对缓慢,而且整个体系的组成可能会改变。纯物理触发的优点是——完全可逆性的机率更高,因为体系的组成保持不变因而它们可以更快地应用。

Surfactants have widely existed in cellular membranes,detergents or as emulsifying agents.Because of their amphiphilicity,they can mediate between the two phases of very poor compatibility like water and organic and can also form self-assemblies such as micelles,vesicles,or lyotropic liquid crystals.Herein,some approaches towards the next generation surfactants,for example,those with catalytically active heads are highlighted.Furthermore,it is shown that amphiphilic properties can be obtained beyond the classical hydrophobic–hydrophilic interplay,for instance with surfactants containing one molecular block with a special shape.Unlike classical surfactants which are“static”,the species that are able to change their properties depending on external triggers are becoming well focused.The examples for surfactants sensitive to chemical(e.g.,pH value)or physical triggers(temperature,electric and magnetic fields)are also discussed.