从国家本位到市场化:德国公共服务的发展与启示

From State Orientation to Marketization: The Development and Enlightenment of German Public Service

德国是一个具有浓厚国家主义传统的国家,德国的公共服务经历了从国家本位到市场化的进程。德国在政府公共服务改革过程中,注重改革措施与德国历史、文化和社会背景的有机融合,注重在政府和社会组织之间建立比较合理的分工合作体系,社会组织参与提供公共服务的方式充分考虑到了与历史和国情的有机结合,建立了比较健全的综合管制机构和完善的法律体系。我国的公共服务制度改革可以借鉴德国经验,构建政府与社会组织之间良好的分工合作体系,建立健全符合国际规则、又具有中国特色的政府购买法律制度体系,完善政府购买公共服务的多元化监督机制。

Germany is a country with a strong tradition of nationalism. Its public service reform has gone through a process from national standard to marketization. In the process of government public service reform, Germany pays attention to the organic integration of reform measures with German history, culture and social background, and attaches importance to the establishment of a more reasonable division of labor and cooperation system between the government and social organizations. The way in which social organizations participate in the provision of public services has fully taken into account the organic integration with history and national conditions, and Germany has established a relatively sound comprehensive regulatory agency and a sound legal system. The reform of the public service system in China can learn from the German experience, build a good division of labor and cooperation system between the government and social organizations, establish and improve the legal system of government purchases that conform to international rules and have Chinese characteristics, and improve the diversified supervision of government purchases of public services system.