大学教学范式的变革:内涵、困境与应对策略

The Change of Teaching Paradigm in Universities: Connotation, Dilemma and Countermeasures

关于当下广受关注的大学教学范式变革或曰课堂革命,人们虽已基于实践的探索取得一定的认识,但教学范式的变革尚未达到库恩意义上的成熟阶段,还存在有待消解的分歧或误区。目前高校特别是应用型大学的教学范式变革面临一些有待克服的困境:高等教育发展多变与不确定性加大;信息技术迅猛发展;课程与教学理念的定位和认识相对模糊甚至存在误区;教师的教学惯习存在较强的"教师中心"倾向、教师角色需要重新定位;教学对象的数量和特征发生重大变化;教学质量评价改革相对滞后;教学变革的支持系统存在不足。为推进教学范式的变革,需针对上述挑战采取相应对策。

Although people have gained some knowledge from the practice-based exploration, the reform of teaching paradigm has not reached the mature stage in Thomas Kuhn’s sense, and there are some differences or misunderstandings to be resolved. At present, the transformation of teaching paradigm in universities, especially in application-oriented universities, faces some difficulties to be overcome: The development of higher education is changeable and uncertain;information technology is developing rapidly;the orientation and understanding of curriculum and teaching ideas are relatively vague and even erroneous;teachers’ teaching habits have a strong "teacher-centered" tendency, and teachers’ roles need to be reoriented;the number and characteristics of teaching objects have changed significantly;the reform of teaching quality evaluation is relatively backward;and the supporting system of teaching reform is insufficient. In order to promote the reform of teaching paradigm, we need to take corresponding countermeasures against the above challenges.