自主武器的特点及对未来战争影响——《无人军队:自主武器与未来战争》述评

A review of Army of None:characteristics of autonomous weapons and their influence on future war

以自主武器为代表的人工智能正在掀起一场新的军事革命。保罗·沙瑞尔所著的《无人军队:自主武器与未来战争》一书通过技术概念解释、各路专家访谈与大量战场实例,深入浅出地探讨了自主武器的内涵、特点与影响。本文基于该书内容,结合相关文献、书籍、评论等资料,首先对自主武器与无人军队的内涵、现阶段的运用情况进行简要介绍;其次,通过对自主武器技术内核的分析,简要介绍自主武器在各类战争样式的运用、存在的反为敌方利用的可欺骗性风险和故障发生后产生更严重后果的不稳定性风险;最后从三方面总结自主武器对战争其他方面的影响,即对军队建设模式提出更高要求,对国际战略稳定的双重作用以及对战争法与战争伦理道德的挑战。

The artificial intelligence represented by autonomous weapons is stirring up a new military revolution.The book“Army of None”,written by Paul Scharre,discusses the definition,characteristics and impact of autonomous weapons in an in-depth manner through technical concept explanations,interviews with experts and a large number of battlefield examples.Based on the content of the book,combined with relevant literatures,books,reviews and other materials,this paper first briefly introduces the connotation of autonomous weapons and unmanned armies,and their current applications;then through an analysis of the technical core of autonomous weapons,summarizes its utilization and risks in various war situations,such as the deceptive risk of enemy exploitation,and the vulnerability of more serious consequences after the failure;and finally,gives a three-pronged summary of the possible influences of autonomous weapons,namely,higher demands on national defense and military construction,dual impacts on international strategic stability,and challenges to the laws and ethics of warfare.