族群身份的双向性——岱海地区楼烦墓地人群族属的考古学研究

The Bi-directionality of Ethnic Identity-An Archaeological Study of the Ethnic Groups of Human from Loufan Cemetery in Daihai Area

本文在人类学的框架下,依历史文献确定岱海地区战国墓地为楼烦遗存;以族群互动为背景,提出楼烦缺乏统一的物质文化特征,难以用考古学文化进行概括,墓葬中常见的中心对称鸟纹牌饰是金属化的玉石牌饰,其母题在中原和草原不同文化情境中可有不同解读;由墓地布局体现的社会结构符合半农半牧的生计方式;战国晚期赵国政策影响了边疆人群族群身份的选择,胡化与华夏化的双向性造成了墓葬人种与文化的非对应关系。

In the framework of anthropology,according to historical documents,this paper determines that the ceme-tery in Daihai area in the Warring States Period belongs to Loufan remains.In the context of ethnic inter-action;it proposes that Loufan lacks a unified material culture,which is difficult to be summarized by archaeological culture.The popular centrosymmetric bird-pattern plaques in tombs are metallic jade plaques,which are interpreted differently in cultural contexts of the Central Plains and the grasslands.The layout of the cemetery reflects the social structure in line with the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral way of livelihood.The policy of Zhao State affected the ethnic i-dentity choice of the frontier population.The two-way of Hu-Huaxia direction resulted in the non-corresponding relationship between physical types and cultures in the tombs.