凉山州儿童营养与健康项目的实施与成效

Implementation and Outcome of Child Nutrition and Health Program in Liangshan

目的在四川省凉山彝族自治州开展儿童营养与健康项目,逐步改善该地区儿童面临的营养不良突出问题。方法通过组建村级儿童保健队伍、打造县级儿童保健服务门诊、开展培训、开发宣传教育材料等一系列干预措施,提高看护人的儿童保健知识和意识,加强医疗卫生机构的儿童保健服务能力,从而有效改善儿童健康状况。结果 2020年项目地区基本建立儿童保健服务县、乡、村三级网络,相关人员培训覆盖率、儿童看护人健康教育覆盖率、0~6岁儿童健康管理率、营养包发放率和有效食用率较项目初期均有提高,完成项目目标。2018年和2020年两次调查发现,项目地区6~24月龄儿童生长迟缓率由28.7%下降至11.0%,低体重率由13.5%下降至8.7%,贫血率由52.3%下降至43.6%,分别下降了61.7%、35.6%和16.6%。儿童发热和腹泻的两周患病率分别下降44.8%和42.6%。结论项目结束后,凉山州儿童营养与健康工作应在巩固项目成果的基础上,继续加强技术、政策和宣传教育方面的投入,提高儿童综合发育水平,促进儿童健康发展。

Objective Child Nutrition and Health Program was carried out to improve the child malnutrition in Liangshan,Sichuan Province.Methods Through a series of intervention measures, such as setting up village-level child health care teams,building county-level child health care service clinics, carrying out training, and developing publicity and educational materials, the program enhanced the caregivers’ knowledge and awareness of child health care, strengthened the child health care service capacity of health facilities, and therefore effectively improve the health status of children.Results In 2020, the program areas have established a three-level network of child health services at the county, township and village levels. The training coverage rate, the health education coverage rate of child caregivers, the health management rate of 0-6-year-old children, and the distribution and efficient use rate of nutritional supplement have reached the program objectives and were higher in 2020 than those at the beginning of the program. Studies in 2018 and 2020 showed that among children aged 6-24 months, the prevalence of stunting decreased from 28. 7% to 11. 0%,underweight decreased from 13.5% to 8.7%,aenemia decreased from 52.3% to 43.6%. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and aenemia decreased by 61.7%, 35.6% and 16.6%, respectively. The two-week prevalence of fever and diarrhea decreased by 44.8%and 42.6%,respectively.Conclusion After the end of the project, the nutrition and health work for children in Liangshan should continue to strengthen the investment in technology, policy and education on the basis of consolidating the achievements of the program,so as to improve the comprehensive development of children and promote the development of children’s health.