摘要
目的对河北省孕期妇女进行营养评价,从地域、年龄、孕期、文化程度4个层面分析其营养状态,为孕期营养保健提供科学依据。方法采用横断面研究设计,分别抽取城市和农村调查点各4个,选取门诊就诊的早、中孕期妇女,收集其一周内的食物摄入量,按照《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》为标准,计算并评价各种营养元素的摄入情况,同时,测定血红蛋白数值。结果城市妇女的学历水平明显高于农村。无论城市还是农村,均存在营养元素摄入不均衡的现象。比较突出的是矿物质和维生素C摄入不足,蛋白质、脂肪摄入过量。其中农村妇女蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、能量摄入过量的比例显著高于城市,而钙元素、维生素C摄入不足的比例显著高于城市,≤34岁年龄组妇女硒和维生素C摄入不足的比例均显著高于≥35岁年龄组,初中及以下学历组妇女钙、硒、镁、维生素C摄入不足的比例和碳水化合物、能量摄入过量比例均高于其余两个学历组。中孕期蛋白质、碳水化合物、能量、脂肪过量的比例和钙、硒、镁、维生素C不足的比例显著高于早孕期。8.71%的孕妇发生了贫血,均为轻度贫血,其中≥35岁年龄组孕妇贫血发生率显著高于≤34岁年龄组,中孕期贫血发生率明显高于早孕期。结论孕期妇女营养元素的摄入存在不均衡现象,由于地域、年龄、孕期和文化程度不同,营养元素的摄入情况也不相同。提示在孕期营养保健过程中,应结合地域、年龄、孕期、文化程度的不同给予针对性指导。
Objective To evaluate the nutrition of pregnant women in Hebei province by analyzing from four aspects: region, age,gestational period and education level and to provide scientific basis for nutritional health care during pregnancy.Methods A crosssectional study was conducted. Four urban and four rural survey sites were selected. First and second trimester pregnant women who visited outpatient clinics were selected as the subjects and their food intake within one week were collected. The intake of various nutrients was calculated and evaluated according to the reference intake of dietary nutrients for Chinese residents. At the same time,the hemoglobin value was measured.Results There is an imbalance in nutrient intake in both urban and rural areas. What was more prominent was that the intake of minerals and vitamin C was insufficient, and the intake of protein and fat was excessive. The proportion of excess protein, carbohydrate, fat and energy intake in rural women was significantly higher than that in urban women,while the proportion of insufficient calcium and vitamin C intake was significantly higher than that in urban women. The proportion of insufficient intake of selenium and vitamin C in the age group ≤34 years old were significantly higher than that in the age group ≥35 years old. However, the proportion of insufficient intake of calcium, selenium, magnesium, vitamin C and excessive intake of carbohydrate and energy in junior high school and below education group were higher than those in the other two education groups. The proportion of excess intake of protein, carbohydrate, fat, energy and insufficient intake of calcium, selenium, magnesium, vitamin C in the second trimester pregnant women was significantly higher that in the first trimester. About 8.71% of pregnant women developed anaemia And all of them were mild anemia. The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the ≥35 years old group was significantly higher than that in the ≤ 34 years old group. The incidence of anemia in the second trimester was higher than that in the first trimester.Conclusion There is imbalance in the nutrient intake among pregnant women. Nutrient intake varies by region, age,gestational period and education. It suggests that in the process of nutrition and health care during pregnancy, targeted guidanceshould given according to the different region, age,gestational period and educational level.
作者
麻海英
闫承生
辛静怡
魏九茹
郝素芳
邢丽霞
梁中华
MA Hai Ying;YAN Cheng Sheng;XIN Jing Yi;WEI Jiu Ru;Hao Su Fang;XING Li Xia;LING Zhong Hua(Maternal Health Care Section,Hebei Provincial Maternal and Children’s Health Center,Shijiazhuang 050031,China;Beijing University of Chinese Traditional Medicine,Beijing100029,China;Shijiazhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)
出处
《中国妇幼卫生杂志》
2020年第6期54-58,共5页
Chinese Journal of Women and Children Health
关键词
孕期
营养
调查
pregnancy
nutrition
investigation