奇楠本草及其历史渊源考证

The Textual Research of Chinese Herbal Medicine Qinan and its Historical Origin

奇楠特指最高品质的沉香。目前学界缺乏系统历史文献研究,沉香产业的发展受到一定的制约。为了追本溯源,深入研究奇楠的历史渊源,探讨奇楠一词的发展变迁,文中综合系统考证了奇楠沉香本草来源和奇楠的名称来源与历史变迁。经考证发现,奇楠的两种基源植物为海南产白木香Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Spreng.和越南产柯拉斯那沉香A.crassna Pierre ex Lecomte;“奇楠”一词来源于隋唐时期佛教传入的梵文“tagara”(多伽罗香)和“samghārāma”(僧伽蓝摩),到明朝晚期,作供奉用香,奇楠开始特指高品质的沉香,而现代奇楠除了特指高品质沉香外,也指能产奇楠的白木香种苗。笔者认为,在奇楠沉香和种苗品质不一的今天,应制定高品质的奇楠沉香和优质沉香种苗标准,才能推进沉香产业健康有序的发展。

Qinan is the highest quality agarwood,and the lack of systematic historical literature research in the academic circle at present has restricted the development of the agarwood industry to some extent.In order to trace the history,this paper discussed the development and change of Qinan,systematically investigated the origin of the Chinese herbal Qinan agarwood,the origin of the name of Qinan and its historical changes.According to the textual research,there are two basic plants of Qinan:Chinese Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Spreng.and Vietnamese A.crassna Pierre ex Lecomte.The word"Qinan"was derived from Sanskrit words"tagara"or"samghārāma",which introduced by Buddhism in the Sui and Tang dynasties.In the late Ming Dynasty,Qinan began to refer specifically to high-quality agarwood,while Qinan also refers to the seedlings of A.sinensis,which can produce high-quality agarwood at present.The writers believed that the standards of high-quality Qinan agarwood and the seedlings of the Qinan should be established,so as to promote the healthy and orderly development of the agarwood industry.