基于网络理论的物质成瘾新视角

A New perspective of substance addiction based on network theory

物质成瘾是一种涉及生理、心理和环境等多因素的复杂现象,但是当前基于生物还原论的解释对物质成瘾现象整体性的理解和康复研究造成了阻碍。网络理论聚焦于心理障碍变量之间相互作用形成的反馈环路,从整体视角为研究物质成瘾提供了新的理论框架。将网络理论应用于物质成瘾的研究中将有利于:(1)理解症状之间的相互关系和影响;(2)理解症状网络的整体性和系统性动态变化过程;以及(3)将多层次和多水平因素整合到统一的理论框架中。从网络理论视角来理解物质成瘾,也将对未来的干预和治疗提供了理论支持。目前,网络理论仍处于言语模型阶段,未来需要进一步提出更具体、可验证的统计模型,以完善对于物质成瘾机制的了解,更加有效地推进物质成瘾的治疗与恢复。

Substance addiction involves multiple factors,ranging from biological,social,to cultural.But the dominant biological reductionism-based explanations focus primarily on the brain,potentially hindering a more comprehensive and inclusive research of substance addiction and its recovery.We propose that network theory,focusing on feedback loops formed by interactions between myriad psychological disorder variables,will provide a better holistic framework to understand the complexity of substance addiction.Applying network theory to substance addiction may provide new insights in(1)understanding the interrelationships and interactions between symptoms,(2)understanding the systematic integrity and dynamic changes in symptom networks,and(3)integrating multiple levels of factors into a unified theoretical framework.Also,network theory may generate new approaches for future interventions and treatments.In sum,networktheory,as a theoretical model,provide a new perspective for understanding substance addiction and its intervention.We believe this reframing will encourage more empirical research toward various other hypotheses within this framework,thus,promoting the treatment and recovery of substance addiction.