捷克社会民主党第三任期0〜3岁儿童照顾政策改革及启示

Research on czech social democratic party's childcare policy under the age of three in its third parliament

转轨开始后,捷克实施家庭承担主要责任的“再家庭化”儿童照顾政策改革,0〜3岁儿童照顾服务供求失衡问题不断累积。第三次上台的捷克社会民主党以追求机会平等的价值观和社会投资的福利观为指导理念,实施“去家庭化”儿童照顾政策模式改革,颁布《儿童团体法》规范儿童照顾政策责任主体和行业准入及监管机制,减免税收,增加托育服务的供给。政策成效显著,捷克生育率及年轻女性的就业率有所增加。这些政策为我国解决托育服务供需失衡问题,有效实现“幼有所育”提供有益的外部参考.

Czech has implemented the"re-family"childcare policy reform in which families bear the main responsibility since transition.The imbalance between supply and demand of childcare services for 0〜3 years old has been accumulating.The Czech Social Democratic Party,which came to power for the third time,guided by the pursuit of the value of equal opportunity and the welfare concept of social investment.The party carried out the reform of the"de-familist"childcare policy model,promulgated the"Act on Children's Group"to regulate the main body responsible for childcare policy and the mechanism of industry access and supervision,reduced and exempt taxes,and increased the supply of childcare services.The policy has achieved remarkable results,the fertility rate and employment rate of young women have increased.This provides a useful external reference for China which is also facing serious imbalance between supply and demand of nursery services.