复合建模在高桩透空式防波堤工程的研究与实践

Research and practice of composite modeling in permeable breakwater engineering

随着我国对海岸与海洋生态环境的日趋重视,越来越多的近岸防浪结构开始采用透水形式,如透空式防波堤即为近年来工程界关注的热点,在设计应用中如何确定透浪系数和堤后波浪条件是工程优劣的关键。文章依托某透空式防波堤兼码头功能的实际工程,通过平面二维波浪数学模型(PMS和Boussinesq)、二维数值水槽(FLOW-3D)以及二维波浪物模水槽试验和局部三维整体物模试验的复合建模方法开展论证研究。分别从复合建模的思路、波浪传播、透浪系数、波浪力、堤顶越浪和码头损失作业天数等几个方面进行论述分析,得到透射系数随水位、挡板入水深度和堤顶越浪量的变化规律与相互关系等结论,各模型间可通过数据传递作为控制边界,又可相互对比与验证,由远及近、由平面二维到三维、由单一正向浪再到斜向浪综合作用,使得研究逐步深入,最终为设计方案提供科学依据。这种复合建模方法可整合有限的资源来研究更为复杂的实际问题,使传统试验方法间将不再孤立,值得今后深入研究与推广应用。

With more and more attention being paid to coastal and marine ecological environment in China,more offshore wave prevention structures begin to adopt the form of permeable water,such as permeable breakwater,which has been the focus of engineering attention in recent years.Therefore,how to determine the wave penetration coefficient and wave conditions behind the dike in the design application is the key to the engineering.In this paper,based on the actual project of a permeable breakwater and wharf,the composite modeling method of two-dimensional wave mathematical model(PMS and Boussinesq),two-dimensional numerical flume(flow-3D),two-dimensional wave model flume test and local three-dimensional model test was adopted to carry out the demonstration research.Respectively from the idea of compound modeling,wave propagation,penetration coefficient of wave,wave forces,a new wave and wharf loss of working days,the essay discusses several aspects,such as analysis,get the transmission coefficient with water level,paddle into the water depth,and a new wave of change rule and the relationship between the conclusion.The data transfer between the models can be used as the control boundary and can be compared and verified by each other.The comprehensive interaction from far and near,from two-dimensional plane to three-dimensional plane,from single forward wave to oblique wave makes the research deepen gradually and finally provides the scientific basis for the design scheme.This compound modeling method can integrate the limited resources to study more complex practical problems,so that the traditional test methods will no longer be isolated,worthy of further research and application.