城镇化、生活服务外包与低技能服务业扩张——基于吸纳农村劳动力转移角度的讨论

Urbanization,Life Service Outsourcing and Low-skilled Service Industry Expansion:Adiscussion Based on the Perspective of Absorbing Rural Labor Transfer

在年轻、高技能农村劳动力基本完成转移的新阶段,发展城市低技能服务就业是进一步推进劳动力转移和城镇化的关键。围绕建设小城镇还是大中型城市更有利于创造低技能服务需求及引致就业的问题,本文探讨了城市人口规模、人口密度和土地面积对低技能服务业需求的影响。通过对家政服务的家庭层面研究发现,城市人口规模显著提高了家庭生活服务外包的概率和服务购买量,且城市人口密度增加的作用比土地面积扩张的作用更大。对城市层面低技能服务产值的研究也发现,城市人口密度比总人口或土地面积变量所起到的提升作用更为稳健。另外,低技能劳务服务产值表现出加速增长的非线性特征。综上,从拉动劳务服务需求、创造低技能服务产值及引致就业以促进农村劳动力转移的角度来看,应该优先发展大中型城市并适度提高人口密度。

The article believes that in the new stage of the basic transfer of young and highly skilled rural labor,the development of urban low-skilled service employment is the key to furtherpromoting labor transfer and urbanization.Focusing on the construction of small towns or large and medium-sized cities which is more conducive to the creation of low-skilled service employment and its employment,this paper explores the impact of urban population size,population density and land area on the employment in low-skilled services.Family-level research provides micro-evidence for the fact that urbanization promotes outsourcing of family life services.City-level research finds that the urban population density is more stable than the total population or land area variable to improve the output value for low-skilled services.In addition,due to the economies of scale of services caused by the increase in population density,the impact of urban population density on low-skilled services output value shows a nonlinear feature.Therefore,from the perspective of stimulating demand for labor services,creating low-skilled service employment and promoting rural labor transfer,priority should be given to developing large and medium-sized cities and appropriately increasing population density.