农民合作社高质量发展机制研究

On the High-quality Development Mechanism of Farmers Cooperatives

本文在结合合作社原则、政策和立法深刻理解合作社的内涵的基础上,着重分析合作社外部环境和内部动力对合作社服务功能和规范化的影响,探寻农民合作社高质量发展机制。利用江苏、四川和吉林3省262个村的两期微观调研数据,运用有序多元Probit模型实证分析影响农民合作社高质量发展的关键因素。研究结果表明:产品特性、经营规模和政府的信息、技术、培训等支持对合作社服务功能和规范化水平均有正向影响,而市场环境对服务功能有负向影响,对规范化水平提升无显著影响;产品特性、经营规模和政府的信息、技术、培训等支持对合作社高质量发展有正向影响,市场环境、政府的财政补贴对合作社高质量发展有负向影响。本文认为,因地制宜、分类施策是引导合作社高质量发展的重点。对于产品附加值高的种植类家庭农场,可鼓励其通过专业合作社的形式实现规模经济;市场发育程度较低的地区,可鼓励特色农产品生产者合作,而在市场发育程度较高的地区则可通过社会化服务组织或综合性合作组织为种植类小农户提供服务。此外,政府对合作社的支持应以金融和信息、技术培训为主,可减少财政补贴等直接资金支持方式。

With the combination of the principles,policies and legislation of cooperatives to deeply understand the meaning of cooperatives,and based on the external environment and internal dynamics faced by cooperatives,a unified theoretical analysis framework has been established,and the high-quality development mechanism of farmers cooperatives has been analyzed in detail from the aspects of service function and cooperative standardization.Using the two-period micro-survey data of 262 villages in Jiangsu,Sichuan and Jilin provinces,the probit model of ordered multiple choice was used to empirically analyze the factors affecting the high-quality development of farmers cooperatives.The research results show that variables such as product characteristics,business scale,and information technology training have a positive impact on the service function and standardization level of cooperatives,while market conditions have a negative impact on the service function and have no significant impact on the improvement of the standardization level.Product characteristics,business scale,and government information technology training are conducive to the high-quality development of cooperatives.Market conditions and government financial subsidies have a negative impact on the high-quality development of cooperatives.This article believes that the classification and implementation of policies tailored to local conditions is the focus of attention in guiding the high-quality development of cooperatives.For plantation family farms with high added value of products,they can be encouraged to achieve economies of scale in the form of professional cooperatives;in regions with low market development,the cooperation between producers of characteristic agricultural products should be encouraged,and the services to small farmers through social service organizations or comprehensive cooperative organizations in areas with a high degree of market development should also be encouraged.In addition,the government s support for cooperatives should focus on financial support and information training,and direct financial support such as financial subsidies should be reduced.