义务教育改革、教育收益率与农村劳动力的工资差异——基于劳动力市场的教育政策效果评估

Reform of Compulsory Education,Return on Education and the Wage Difference of Rural Labor Force:Effect Evaluation of Education Policy Based on Labor Market

利用中国家庭收入调查数据,基于《中华人民共和国义务教育法》提供的自然实验,通过因果性与异质性教育收益率的测量及工资差异的分解,实证评估了义务教育和义务教育改革对农村劳动力工资水平的影响,结果发现:(1)利用基准回归测得农村劳动力的教育收益率和义务教育收益率分别为4.6%和14.9%;(2)利用倾向得分匹配法与处理效应模型纠正了可观测和不可观测异质性后,发现农村劳动力的义务教育收益率约为14.2%~19.4%与33.6%~34.3%;(3)利用无条件分位数回归及其分解的研究方法揭示了义务教育改革的异质性增收特征表现为对低收入群体具有更强的个体增收效应,总体工资差异具有“黏地板效应”的鲜明特征。

Based on the data of CHIP 2014 and natural experiments provided by the Law of the People s Republic of China on Compulsory Education,this paper analyzes the impact of compulsory education reform on the wage level of rural labor force by measuring the return rate of causality and heterogeneity education and the decomposition of wage difference,It is indicated that:according to the benchmark regression,the return on education and compulsory education of rural labor force are 4.6%and 14.9%respectively;it is found that the return rates of compulsory education of rural labor force are about 14.2%~19.4%and 33.6%~34.3%after correcting observable and unobservable heterogeneity by PSM and TEM;it reveals that the heterogeneity of compulsory education reform has a stronger individual income increase effect on low-income groups,while the overall wage difference has a distinct feature of“sticky floor effect”by using UQR and FFL.