社会共生视角下的森林康养

Forest Health from the Perspective of Social Symbiosis

社会共生现象是一种不以人的主观意志而转移的社会存在,可以从主体、资源与约束条件三要素入手对各种社会现象进行理论还原。为了探讨社会共生理论对森林康养具有理论和实践指导价值,文章从社会共生理论在森林康养研究中的适用性、矛盾与价值、共生关系的形成条件和影响因素以及共生演化的模式和机制四个方面,阐述了基于社会共生的视角研究森林康养内涵的问题。分析认为:森林康养是多个主体在合理的"度"之内共享森林资源,共生主体在一定时空条件下,形成共生关系。随着环境的变化和共生主体自身的变化,共生关系也会调整至新的平衡状态。在外部动力和内生动力机制作用下,共生主体对于森林资源彼此共享,形成共享型共生模式。森林康养的基础是利用森林资源,"以人类为中心"的发展模式、忽视自然规律的行为就会破坏人与森林的平衡关系。强调人与森林的共生关系下,树立人与森林和谐共生的思维方式和价值目标,加强分配与分享森林资源的约束条件,优化资源配置,实现共赢共生。文章结合我国森林康养的发展现状,从政府把握"度"、引入社会资本、优化行业模式等方面提出针对性建议。

Social symbiosis is a social existence that is not transferred by the subjective will of human beings. Social symbiosis theory can start with the three elements of subject, resources and constraint conditions to theoretically restore various social phenomena. In order to discuss the theoretical and practical guiding value of social symbiosis theory to forest health, this paper analyzes the connotation of forest health from four aspects, including the applicability of social symbiosis theory, the contradictions and values in forest health, the symbiosis conditions and influencing factors, and the symbiosis mode and mechanism. According to the analysis, forest health requires multiple subjects to share forest resources within a reasonable "degree", and symbiotic subjects form a symbiotic relationship under a certain space-time condition. With the change of the environment and the change of the symbiotic subjects themselves, the symbiotic relationship will also adjust to the new equilibrium state. Under the action of external and internal dynamic mechanisms, symbiotic subjects share forest resources with each other, forming a shared symbiotic model. The basis of forest health is the utilization of forest resources. The "humancentered" development model and the behavior of ignoring the natural law will destroy the balanced relationship between man and forest. According to the social symbiosis theory, it is emphasized that under the symbiosis relationship between man and forest, the thinking mode and value goal of harmonious symbiosis between man and forest should be set up, the constraint conditions of forest resource distribution and sharing should be strengthened, and the resource allocation should be optimized so as to realize the win-win symbiosis between man and forest. This paper combines the development status of forest health in China, and puts forward some targeted suggestions from the perspective of the government’s grasp of "degree", introduction of social capital and optimization of industry model.