技术性贸易壁垒与异质性企业出口行为:退出还是升级?

TBT and Export Behavior of Heterogeneous Enterprises:Exit or Upgrade?

基于Lawless建立的跨国企业与生产成本均衡模型,分析技术性贸易壁垒(TBT)对异质性企业出口行为的影响,并运用双重差分法进行实证检验后发现:TBT会迫使低生产率企业出口产品退出发起国市场,同时也会倒逼高生产率企业提高对发起国的出口产品质量。通过进一步研究发现,不同TBT发起国中,美国设置的技术壁垒更高;不同所有制出口企业中,私营企业遭受TBT带来的负面影响更大。研究结论明确了TBT对异质性企业出口行为影响的差异性,对于正确认识TBT的贸易效应以及制定相关应对措施具有重要的启示意义。

Based on the equilibrium model of multinational enterprises and production costs established by Lawless,the impact of technical barriers to trade(TBT)on the export behavior of heterogeneous enterprises is analyzed,and the difference‑in‑difference method is used to make empirical test.It is found that the implementation of TBT forces the export products of low productivity enterprises to withdraw from the market,but at the same time,it also forces the high productivity enterprises to improve the quality of export products.Through further research,it is found that the technical standards of technical barriers initiated by the United States are higher than those of other countries.Among the export enterprises with different ownership,TBT has the most negative impact on private enterprises.The conclusion clarifies the difference in the impact of TBT on the export behavior of heterogeneous enterprises,which has important enlightening significance for correctly understanding the trade effect of TBT and formulating relevant countermeasures.