中国森林田鼠族系统分类研究进展(啮齿目:仓鼠科:鼠平亚科)

A summary of phylogenetic systematics studies of Myodini in China(Rodentia:Cricetidae:Arvicolinae)

森林田鼠族(Myodini)是鼠平亚科(Arvicolinae)的重要类群,广泛分布于整个全北区及东洋区部分区域,该族目前存在的分类学问题是缺乏化石标本、短时间的物种分化、有限分子样本和部分类群采样困难等综合因素影响的结果。近年中国森林田鼠族的系统分类研究成果主要有:(1)绒鼠属(Eothenomys)的采样和系统发育研究基本涵盖了全部类群,发现1新亚属和4新种,分别为川西绒鼠亚属(Ermites)和石棉绒鼠(Eothenomys shimianensis)、金阳绒鼠(E.jinyangensis)、美姑绒鼠(E.meiguensis)、螺髻山绒鼠(E.luojishanensis),原来被普遍接受的黑腹绒鼠福建亚种(E.melanogaster colurnus)、中华绒鼠康定亚种(E.chinensis tarquinius)、西南绒鼠康定亚种(E.custos hintoni)被证实为3个独立有效种,滇绒鼠(E.eleusis)、丽江绒鼠(E.fidelis)的种级分类地位进一步得到确认;大绒鼠贡山亚种(E.miletus confinii)和黑腹绒鼠滇西亚种(E.melanogaster libonotus)实为克钦绒鼠(E.cachinus)的同物异名。(2)基于形态和分子系统发育的研究支持恢复东亚鼠平属(Craseomys)的属级分类地位,同时解决了鼠平属(Myodes)的非单系起源问题;研究进一步证实山西鼠平(Craseomys shanseius)应为棕背鼠平的山西亚种(Craseomys rufocanus shanseius)。(3)高山鼠平属(Alticola)的平颅高山鼠平亚属(Platycranius)分类地位受到分子系统发育研究结果质疑,该亚属的唯一物种平颅高山鼠平(Alticola strelzowi)与高山鼠平属指名亚属物种聚在同一枝;库蒙高山鼠平(A.stracheyi)实为斯氏高山鼠平(A.stoliczkanus)的同物异名。基于近年系统分类研究结果,目前中国森林田鼠族分布有5属共30种。

The tribe Myodini is distributed within the Holarctic realm and parts of the Oriental realm.Phylogenetic relationships and the taxonomy of taxa remain controversial due to a sparsity of fossils,convergent or parallel morphological evolution,relatively recent diversification,limited molecular sampling,and difficulty in obtaining specimens of some species.Major advances in phylogenetic systematics studies of Myodini have been made recently in China,including the following:(1)all taxa of the genus Eothenomys have been sampled and phylogenetic analyses have ended long-term debates for some groups.Changes included erection of subgenus Ermites and recognition of Eothenomys shimianensis,E.jinyangensis,E.meiguensis,and E.luojishanensis.Subspecies E.melanogaster colurnus,E.chinensis tarquinius,and E.custos hintoni were elevated to full species,the validity of E.eleusis and E.fidelis was confirmed,and E.miletus confinii and E.melanogaster libonotus were synonymized with E.cachinus;(2)a complementary phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular characters validated genus Craseomys and molecular analyses relegated C.shanseius to a subspecies of C.rufocanus;and(3)phylogenetic studies rejected the validity of Platycranius as a subgenus of Alticola because A.strelzowi clustered within nominate subgenus Alticola,and A.stracheyi was relegated to a junior synonym of A.stoliczkanus.Results of the recent studies show that Myodini consists of 30 species in 5 genera in China.Future sampling and analyses of Myodini can test the validity of subgenus Aschizomys and resolve relationship between remaining controversial taxa.