重大传染病疫情下患者强制信息披露制度探讨

Discussion on compulsory disclosure of patients′information during major infectious disease epidemic in China:a literature study

为增强我国突发公共卫生事件应对能力,建立并完善重大传染病疫情下我国患者强制信息披露制度,依法全面有效的抗击疫情。以"患者+信息披露"、"患者+隐私权"和"患者+强制医疗"为检索式,在CNKI关键词中检索2002-2020年间的文献,形成343篇评阅文献集,剔除与研究主题不相关或关联度较低的文献后形成53篇文献集进行文献分析。在抗击疫情过程中,陆续爆出多起确诊患者因隐瞒个人旅居史或接触史等信息不披露行为,致使不特定多数人(包括众多医务人员)存在严重健康风险等事件,暴露出重大疫情下的防控漏洞,即重大疫情下患者的信息披露制度不健全。在明晰重大疫情范围的基础上,需要分别从完善入法策略、明确执法主体和执法程序、限制执法权过度使用和普法教育4个方面建立并完善我国的重大疫情患者强制信息披露制度。

A regulation system for compulsory disclosure of patients’information during major infectious disease epidemic should be formulated to enhance the capacity of coping with public health emergencies in China.Studies on major epidemicrelated patients’information disclosure published during 2002-2019 were searched through China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)with keywords of’patient+information disclosure’,’patient+privacy’and’patient+compulsory medical treatment’.Of the 343 literatures preliminarily retrieved,53 were included in the analysis.From the literatures reviewed,we retrieved a number of events of exposure to high health risk in some population groups(including medical personnel)in major public health emergencies due to non-disclosures of confirmed patients’traveling or exposure history and these events imposed great obstacles for the prevention and control of major epidemics.The results suggest that the regulation for compulsory disclosure of patients’information during major infectious disease epidemic needs to be modified and perfected.