康德美学对休谟美学的回应

The Response of Kant’s Aesthetics to Hume’s Aesthetics

从美学思想演进的逻辑来看,我们可以把康德在《判断力批判》中的一些论述,视为对休谟的回应。这可以从四个方面来理解:休谟和康德都认为美不仅包含了审美客体的属性,也包含了审美主体的规定,是主客体的统一;休谟和康德都坚持同情说;休谟认为美等于快感,而康德则认为美不等于快感;休谟坚持效用说,注重客体的内容,而康德反对效用说,注重客体的形式。前两个方面,是康德美学对休谟美学的吸收;后两个方面,是康德美学对休谟美学的批判。

Viewed from the logic of aesthetic thought evolution,we can regard some of Kant’s arguments in his Critique of Judgment as a response to Hume.This can be understood from four aspects:Hume and Kant all believe that beauty not only contains the attribute of aesthetic object,but also contains the provision of aesthetic subject,so beauty is the unity of subject and object;Hume and Kant all insist on the theory of sympathy;Hume thinks beauty is equal to pleasure,while Kant thinks that beauty is not equal to pleasure;Hume insists on the utility theory and focuses on the content of the object,while Kant opposes the utility theory and focuses on the form of object.Kant’s aesthetics absorb the first two aspects from Hume’s aesthetics,while the last two aspects show Kant’s criticism of Hume’s aesthetics.