“民族问题”概念的起源与流变(1837—1922年)

The Origin and Evolution of The Concept of The Nation Question(1837-1922)

民族问题的概念潜藏于不同语境下"民族"一词含义的演进脉络之中。追踪清末民初"民族"一词在不同语境中的内涵可知,在中外互译过程中,"民族"是文人士大夫用以译解外邦之民的本土词汇;至庚子事变,旅日国人从日文引入民族主义思想以挽救危亡,此一过程中"民族"获得了"国民"和"国家"的现代含义。然而,革命派按照民族主义的逻辑草创的中华民国,成立伊始即面临内部合法性和外部侵略的双重挑战,从而构成了中国"民族问题"的初始内涵。第一次世界大战后,随着马克思主义的传入,民族问题被纳入了国际共产主义运动和民族解放运动的格局中来界定和解决,无产阶级政党通过民族民主联合的方式,有效团结各民族,打破了民族区隔,进而破解了资产阶级民族主义与统一多民族国家建构之间的难题。

The concept of ethnic issues can be obtained by examining the evolutionary context of the meaning of the word"nation"in different contexts.Tracing the connotation of the word"nation"in different contexts in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,it was learned that in the process of the same text in both Chinese and foreign countries,"nation"was a native term used by literati and doctors to understand foreigners;until the Gengzi Incident,people living in Japan came from Japan In the process of introducing nationalism to save the peril,the term"nation"has acquired the modern meaning of"national"and"state".However,the revolutionaries’logic of building a nation-state with nationalism has made the Republic of China an immediate challenge to both internal legitimacy and external aggression.This constitutes the initial connotation of the ethnic issue.After the First World War,with the introduction of Marxism,national issues were incorporated into the international communist movement and the national liberation movement to define and resolve issues.The national unity based on the proletarian unity was used to break the national divisions,thereby making nationalism and the embarrassment of the multi-ethnic country was solved.