抗战时期云南金鸡纳种植研究

Research on Cinchona Cultivation in Yunnan During the War of Resistance

民国年间,金鸡纳霜主要作为一种抗疟退烧祛病的良药,是"瘴区"患"瘴气病"普通大众的一种"圣药",这种"圣药"主要产于东南亚一带。鉴于抗日战争业已爆发,假若日军占领印度尼西亚一带,中国的金鸡纳霜进口将面临极大的困难,这对处于疟疾环绕阴影之下的云南而言,是一个极为不利的消息。中国医学界的一些有识之士业已意识到这一问题,所以早在1936年第四次全国医师代表大会上,昆明市医师公会提案《请政府设计大规模栽培金鸡纳树案》,建议在云南大规模种植金鸡纳树,以实现金鸡纳霜的自给。在建设厅厅长张邦翰的支持下,以林务处处长黄日光为首,在云南河口坝洒农场试植金鸡纳树成功。这在抗战建国的大背景下,极大地鼓舞了大后方的抗战热情,为抗战期间的移民垦殖和边地开发做出了积极的贡献。

During the period of the Republic of China,quinine as the good medicine for anti-malaria and fever,was a kind of"panacea"for the general public of the"miasma area".However,this"panacea"just was mainly produced in Southeast Asia in that time.The War of Resistance against Japan broke out,that was a bad news to Yunnan where was surrounded by malaria,if the Japanese army occupied Indonesia,China’s import of quinine would face great difficulties.Some people of insight of Chinese medicine had realized the problem,so early in 1936,at the Fourth National Congress of Physicians,the Kunming Medical Association proposed the proposal of"Requesting the Government to Design a Case for Large-scale Cultivation of Cinchona".This proposal suggested that the large-scale cultivation of cinchona should be carried out in Yunnan to achieve self-sufficiency.With the support of Zhang Banghan,director of the construction department,led by Huang Riguang,director of the forestry department,the trial planting of cinchona trees in Hekou flat farm of Yunnan was successful.The success not only greatly encouraged the enthusiasm of backstage battlefield,but also made positive contributions to the resettlement and frontier development of immigrants.