妨害公共交通工具安全驾驶罪的理解与适用

Understanding and Application of the Crime of Obstructing the Safe Driving of Public Transport

《刑法修正案(十一)》新增妨害公共交通工具安全驾驶罪,旨在规制妨害公共交通工具安全驾驶的行为,严密危害公共安全犯罪的刑事法网。"危及公共安全"应该限定为妨害安全驾驶行为对车内或车外的不特定或多数人的人身、财产安全产生可能的危险。乘客妨害安全驾驶主要表现为对驾驶人员使用狭义的暴力以及抢夺或控制驾驶操作装置,达到干扰公共交通工具正常行驶的程度。驾驶人员妨害安全驾驶行为,主要表现为在车辆行驶途中没有尽到安全驾驶义务,与他人互殴或殴打他人。该罪主观方面为故意。妨害公共交通工具安全驾驶罪与以危险方法危害公共安全罪不存在竞合可能。认定妨害公共交通工具安全驾驶罪应根据具体时空条件、手段方式等所导致的危险程度的差异确定不同罪名,充分发挥刑法的行为规制机能、司法裁判机能,为社会治理贡献刑法智慧。

The Criminal Law Amendment(11)has added the crime of obstructing the safe driving of public transport,aiming to regulate the behavior of obstruction the driving safety of public transportation,and to tighten the criminal law net for the crime of endangering public safety."Endangering public safety"should be limited to the possible danger to the personal and property safety of non-specific or the majority of people inside or outside the car caused by the unsafe driving behavior.Among them,the passenger’s behavior that impairs the driving safety mainly manifests as using the narrow sense of violence to the driver and snatching or controlling the driving operation device to the extent that it interferes with the normal running of public transportation vehicles.Driver’s behavior of impairing safe driving mainly displays as leaving the driving post of the running vehicle without permission,not fulfilling the duty of safe driving,or fighting with or beating others.The subjective aspect of the crime is intentional.There is no possibility of concurrence between the crime of obstructing the safe driving of public transport and the crime of endangering public safety by dangerous means.The offence of obstructing the safe driving of public transport should be determined according to the differences in the degree of danger caused by specific time and space conditions and means,so as to give full play to the criminal law’s function of regulating behaviour and judicial adjudication and contribute to the wisdom of criminal law for social governance.