清代书院答问的文献价值与文化意义——以李兆洛《暨阳答问》为中心

The Literature Value and Cultural Significance of the Questions and Answers of Academies in Qing Dynast:Focusing on Li Zhaoluo’s Ji Yang Da Wen

《暨阳答问》由清代阳湖派李兆洛的弟子蒋彤撰录,内容涵盖四部,涉及历算、天文、文学诸领域,是清代书院答问的代表之作。该书有繁、简两个版本系统,其中道光活字本为早期繁本,最接近蒋氏手稿,而未得到充分利用。通过分析简本对繁本的删削,得见《暨阳答问》繁本的重要学术价值。《暨阳答问》中多有李兆洛对诗、文等所作分析与评价,可藉以补充李氏文学观,印证已有的学术成果,进而凸显此书对于李兆洛及其弟子群体研究的重要意义,亦可展现清代以常州为代表的东南地域文化传统,而"答问体"作为一种著述形式,其所常见的删润现象亦藉此得到进一步的分析与考察。

Ji Yang Da Wen was transcribed by Jiang Tong,a disciple of Li Zhaoluo of Yanghu school in Qing Dynasty.It covers four bibliographic volumes,involving the fields of calendar,astronomy,and literature.It is the representative work of the Qing Dynasty Academy.The book has two versions:the detailed version and the simplified version.The movable type printed version in Daoguang Period is the early detailed version,which is closest to the Jiang’s manuscript but is not fully utilized.By analyzing the deletion in the simplified version,we can see the important academic value of the detailed version of Ji Yang Da Wen.There are many analyses and evaluations of Li Zhaoluo’s poems and essays in Ji Yang Da Wen,which can be used to supplement Li’s literary view,to confirm his existing academic achievements,and to highlight the importance of this book for the study of Li Zhaoluo and his disciples.It can also show the southeast regional cultural tradition represented by Changzhou in the Qing Dynasty,and the"style of question and answer"as a form of writing,the common phenomenon of revision and polishing of which has also been further analyzed and investigated.