2019年度佳木斯市流感监测季流行病学及病原学检测结果分析

Analysis of Epidemiological and Pathogenic Test Results of the 2019 Influenza Surveillance Season in Jiamusi City

目的了解2019年度流感监测季佳木斯市流感活动水平和流行规律。方法对佳木斯市两家哨点医院送检的流感样病例(ILI)咽拭子样本,进行实时荧光定量PCR检测和MDCK细胞病毒分离检测,分析流感流行特点、年龄分布、核酸检测情况、病毒分离率、病毒分离年龄、性别及医院分布情况。结果2019年度ILI为14003例,ILI%为2.39%,ILI在2020年第2周最高,ILI%有三个峰值点,分别为2020年第1、4、6周;ILI中,25~岁年龄组占比最高(39.05%),其次为15~岁年龄组(25.32%),0~岁年龄组(13.08%),60~岁年龄组(11.48%),5~岁年龄组(11.08%),各年龄组间ILI阳性占比比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);核酸检测阳性率为13.31%,其中甲型季节性H3N2亚型8.54%,新甲H1N1亚型3.23%,乙型BV亚型1.54%;病毒分离毒株40株,分离率为3.08%;病毒分离最高的月份为2019年12月,毒株构成比为62.50%;病毒分离率最高的年龄组为5~15岁,分离率为10.05%,各年龄组间分离率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男性和女性病毒检出阳性占比情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论2019年度佳木斯市甲型、乙型流感共存,流行高峰在元旦前后,年龄主要分布在5~15岁,需加强流感监测季儿童流感的防控。

Objective To learn about the influenza activity level and prevalence patterns in Jiamusi City during the 2019 influenza surveillance season.Methods The influenza-like case(ILI)throat swab samples sent by two sentinel hospitals in Jiamusi City were tested by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and MDCK cell virus isolation and detection.The influenza epidemic characteristics,age distribution,nucleic acid detection and virus isolation were analyzed.Rate,age of virus isolation,gender and hospital distribution.Results In 2019,there were 14003 cases of ILI,ILI%was 2.39%,ILI was the highest in the second week of 2020,and ILI%had three peak points,which were the first,fourth,and sixth week of 2020;In ILI,the 25-year-old age group accounts for the highest proportion(39.05%),followed by the 15-year-old age group(25.32%),the 0-year-old age group(13.08%),the 60-year-old age group(11.48%),and the 5-year-old age group(11.48%).In the age group(11.08%),the proportion of positive ILI among each age group was compared,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The positive rate of nucleic acid testing was 13.31%,of which 8.54%of A seasonal H3N2 subtypes,the new A H1N1 subtype was 3.23%,and the B BV subtype was 1.54%;40 virus strains were isolated,with an isolation rate of 3.08%;the month with the highest virus isolation was December 2019,with a strain composition ratio of 62.50%;The age group with the highest virus isolation rate was 5-15 years old,the isolation rate was 10.05%,and the difference in isolation rate between age groups was statistically significant(P<0.05);There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of males and females with positive virus detection(P>0.05).Conclusion In 2019,the influenza A and influenza B coexist in Jiamusi City.The epidemic peak is around New Year's Day,and the age is mainly 5-15 years old.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of influenza in children during the influenza surveillance season.