19世纪中叶英美茶税政策与华茶出口

British and American Tea Tax Policy and Chinese Tea Export in the Mid-19th Century

19世纪是中国茶叶在国际市场由盛转衰的时间节点,造成这一现象的原因十分复杂,经济史学者从不同角度进行了分析。而这一时期也是世界市场逐步形成的时期,全球贸易联动性不断加强,英美等国作为国际市场上主要的茶叶销售国,其政府对茶叶贸易的策略同样会影响世界茶叶贸易供给国--中国的茶叶对外贸易量和贸易额等的变化。该文基于19世纪中期常年在广东从事茶叶贸易的美国商人Gideon Nye, JR的著作Tea:And the Tea Trade中的相关史料,针对英美国内茶税政策对华茶出口的影响进行探讨,发现正是由于英美两国对茶叶贸易采取的不同措施,一定程度上引起了国际市场茶叶销售格局的变化,进而加剧了华茶衰落的速度。

The 19 th century was the time point when Chinese tea went from boom to bust in the international market.The reasons for this phenomenon are very complicated and economic historians analyze it from different angles.During this period,the world market was gradually formed,and the linkage of global trade was constantly strengthened.As the major tea sellers in the international market,British and American government’s tea trade strategy will also influence the change of China’s tea foreign trade volume and trade amount as the world tea trade supplier.This article is based on historical data in the book Tea:And the Tea Trade,written by Gideon Nye,JR,an American businessman who was engaged in the Tea Trade in Guangdong province for many years in the mid-19 th century.The influence of tea tax policy in Britain and America on The export of Chinese tea was discussed.And it is found that the different measures taken by Britain and the United States on tea trade have caused the change of the pattern of tea sales in the international market to some extent,which has further accelerated the decline of Chinese tea.