风险社会、第二现代与邻避冲突——一个宏观结构性分析

Risk Society,Second Modernity and NIMBY Conflicts:A Macro-Structural Analysis

在科技工业设施或工程项目选址建设过程中,对科技风险的忧虑是引发邻避冲突的重要原因。从现代化或现代性的宏观视角来看,邻避冲突的不断发生是工业社会发展为风险社会的重要表征。科学理性、技术治理、"技术-经济"发展导向以及各种安全控制机制共同构成了工业现代化的结构基础,然而这种现代性具有内在的结构性悖论,从而导致了邻避冲突的"再生产"与治理困境。风险社会在消解工业现代性的结构基础的同时,也揭示了"第二现代"的可能性。借鉴"第二现代"理论所强调的"反身性"理念,邻避治理需要进行一种"反身性治理"变革,它以"风险理性"为理性基础,以"民主治理"为实践模式,并以"社会合作"秩序的构建为目标诉求。

In the process of the sitting of technological industrial facilities or engineering projects,worrying about technological risks are important cause of NIMBY conflicts.From the macro perspective of modernization or modernity,the constant occurrence of NIMBY conflicts is an important sign of the development from industrial society to risk society.Scientific rationality,technocracy,“technical-economic”development orientation,and the safety control mechanisms have constituted the structural foundation of industrial modernization.However,this modernity has inherent structural paradoxes,which have led to the“reproduction”and governance dilemma of NIMBY conflicts.While dissolving the structural basis of industrial modernity,the risk society also reveals the possibility of the“second modernity”.Drawing on the“reflexivity”concept emphasized by the“second modernity”theory,NIMBY governance requires“reflexive governance”reform,which takes“risk rationality”as its rational basis,“democratic governance”as its practice mode,and“social cooperation”as its goal.