马克思、罗尔斯和社会正义

Marx,Rawls and Social Justice

马克思和罗尔斯在社会正义问题上既有共识又有分歧。共识在于,两人把维护普通民众根本利益作为解决社会经济不平等问题的出发点,把优化社会基本结构作为推进社会变革的首要目标。分歧在于,两人在社会基本制度、生产资料所有制、公民基本权利和自由、劳动分工、分配正义原则等方面观点各异。作为历史唯物主义者,既不可能接受罗尔斯的新社会契约论和政治自由主义,也不会接受罗尔斯关于社会基本结构和制度安排的整个方案。揭示马克思和罗尔斯正义理论的异同,分析他们在正义理论上产生分歧的原因,从马克思主义立场批判罗尔斯正义理论,评估罗尔斯正义理论的合理思想,有利于发展当代马克思主义正义理论。

Marx and Rawls have both similarities and differences on the issue of social justice.The similarities are that they regard safeguarding the fundamental interests of proletariat as a starting point to deal with social and economic inequality,and regard optimizing the basic social structure as a primary aim to move social changes.The differences lie in their different views on the basic social system,the ownership of means of production,the basic rights and liberties of citizens,the division of labor and the principle of distributive justice.As a historical materialist,Marx can’t accept Rawls’theory of social contract and political liberalism,nor can he accept Rawls’whole scheme of social basic structure and institutional arrangement.To reveal the similarities and differences between Marx’s and Rawls’justice theories,to analyze the reasons for those differences in the theory of justice,to criticize Rawls’theory of justice from the Marxist standpoint,and to evaluate the reasonable elements of Rawls’theory of justice are conducive to the development of contemporary Marxist theory of justice.