批判的批判:康德宗教神学之超越——基于马克思主义实践观

Criticism of Critical Theory:Transcendence of Kant’s Religious Theology——Based on Marxist Practice Theory

康德发动了宗教领域内的"哥白尼式的革命",他一方面将"宗教道德化",另一方面将"道德宗教化",以理念理性革除了宗教的信仰专制,以实践理性祛除了宗教的神秘迷信,建立了自己的道德性宗教。他将"上帝"作为探究真理的范导原理,作为追求"至善"的道德"公设",作为实现"道德人"理想的实践指南,宗教变为他整个批判哲学体系中重要的枢纽性概念,体现了康德的折中性与妥协性。马克思主义发扬了康德人本主义的精神内核,并通过历史唯物主义实践观解决了人与自然的矛盾、精神与现实的矛盾,揭示了宗教消亡的必然趋向,实现了对宗教彻底而全面的批判。

Kant launched the“Copernican revolution”in the field of religion.On the one hand,he“moralized religion”and“religiousize morality”on the other hand,using pure reason to eliminate religious belief dictatorship,and practical reason to eliminate the mystery and superstition of religion.And his own moral religion has been established.He used“God”as the guiding principle for exploring truth,as the moral“necessary principle”for pursuing“the highest good”,and as a practical guide to realize the ideal of“moral man”Religion became an important pivotal concept in his entire critical philosophical system,which embodies Kant’s compromise.Marxism has carried forward the spiritual core of Kant’s humanism,and solved the contradiction between man and nature,the contradiction between spirit and reality through the historical materialist concept of practice,revealed the inevitable trend of the demise of religion,and realized a thorough and comprehensive criticism to religion.