旋耕方式下氮肥不同减施水平对小麦品质的影响

Effects of Different Application Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Qualities under Rotary Tillage

连续2 a(2017—2018、2018—2019年)研究了旋耕((12±5)cm)方式下,CK(氮肥减施基准为300 kg/hm^2)以及RF10(减氮10%)、RF20(减氮20%)和RF30(减氮30%)不同氮肥减施水平对小麦品质的影响。结果表明,氮肥减施后,与CK相比,籽粒蛋白质(干基)含量当季下降2.14%~3.91%,第2季连续减施,RF10、RF20处理稍有提高,但各处理间差异均不显著;减施处理籽粒容重增大,RF10、RF20、RF30处理分别增大0.74%~0.91%、0.98%~1.36%、0.97%~1.11%,其中,RF20、RF30处理显著增大,RF10处理在第2季显著增大;减施处理湿面筋含量当季下降,连续第2季略有升高,但差异均不显著;面团形成时间RF10、RF20处理缩短,且在当季显著缩短,RF30处理仅在当季显著缩短;减施处理面团稳定时间缩短,当季显著缩短,RF20、RF30处理在第2季显著缩短;减施处理面团弱化度升高,但是差异不显著;此外,面粉能量和恒定变形拉伸阻力RF10、RF20处理均下降,RF30处理在当季下降,第2季增加,其中,恒定变形拉伸阻力变化达到显著水平;3种减施氮肥处理中,RF10和RF20处理不会显著影响产量,但RF30处理造成小麦减产,且当季显著减产。因此,在旋耕方式及300 kg/hm^2氮肥基准下,氮肥减施10%(270 kg/hm^2)和20%(240 kg/hm^2)不会造成小麦减产和品质降低,是该地区适宜的施氮量。

In this research,the effects of different application rates of nitrogen fertilizer(N),basical application rate of N fertilizer-300 kg/hm^2(CK),RF10(reduced 10%of N fertilizer),RF20(reduced 20%of N fertlizer)and RF30(reduced 30%of N fertlizer)on the qualities of wheat under rotary tillage((12±5)cm)were studied in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019.The results indicated that compared with CK,the grain protein content decreased from 2.14%to 3.91%under N fertilizer reduced treatments at the current season,but slightly increased under RF10 and RF20 treatments at the second season.Reducing N fertilizer application increased the bulk density of grain,RF10,RF20 and RF30 treatments increased by 0.74%-0.91%,0.98%-1.36%and 0.97%-1.11%,respectively.At the second season,the bulk density of grain significantly improved under RF10 treatment.Reducing N fertilizer application decreased wet gluten content at the first season,but slightly increased wet gluten content at the second season.There was no significantly differences among the treatments.Formation time of dough was significantly decreased under RF10 and RF20 treatments at the first season,and RF30 was only decreased at the first season.Reducing N fertilizer application significantly decreased the stability time of dough at the first season,and RF20 and RF30 treatments significantly decreased dough stability time at the second season.Dough weakening degree increased after N reduced,but there was no significantly differences among the treatments.In addition,both flour energy and constant deformation tensile resistance were decreased under RF10 and RF20 treatments,constant deformation tensile resistance significantly decreased at the first season and increased at the second season under RF30 treatment.Additionally,the wheat yield was not significantly influenced after RF10 and RF20 treatments under rotary tillage when compared with CK,but RF30 treatment could lead to wheat yield reduced and significantly reduced at the local season.Therefore,reduced 10%N fertilizer(270 kg/hm^2)and 20%N fertilizer(240 kg/hm^2)could not significantly decrease yield and grain quality,and were suitable nitrogen application rates in this region.