减氮覆膜对黄土旱塬小麦产量及硝态氮残留的影响

Effect of Nitrogen-reducing and Plastic Mulching on Wheat Yield and Nitrate Residue in Dryland of Loess Plateau

通过连续2 a(2016—2018年)的大田试验,研究了3种不同处理(农户模式、减氮测控施肥、减氮测控施肥+垄膜沟播)对旱地冬小麦产量、经济效益以及土壤中硝态氮残留、有效磷和速效钾含量的影响。结果表明,与农户模式相比,在减少氮素40%左右、适当增加磷钾肥投入的情况下,减氮测控施肥处理小麦产量与经济效益并无明显降低,而减氮测控施肥+垄膜沟播处理具有明显的增产效果;减氮测控施肥和减氮测控施肥+垄膜沟播处理均可有效降低0~200 cm土壤中硝态氮残留,且0~40 cm土壤中有效磷和速效钾含量有明显提高,其中,减氮测控施肥基础上进行垄膜沟播效果更好。研究结果可为黄土旱塬麦田科学合理减肥增效提供理论依据。

Through two consecutive years field experiment(2016-2018),the effects of three different treatments(household mode,nitrogen reduction and control fertilization,nitrogen reduction and control fertilization with ridge film furrow sowing)on winter wheat yield,economic benefits,and soil nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in dryland were studied.The results showed that compared with the household mode,reduced nitrogen and control fertilization treatment(nitrogen was reduced by about 40%and increase the input of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer)did not significantly decrease the wheat yield and economic benefits.However,nitrogen reduction and control fertilization with ridge film furrow sowing treatment could significantly increase wheat yield.At the same time,both nitrogen reduction and control fertilization and nitrogen reduction and control fertilization with ridge film furrow sowing treatments could effectively reduce the soil nitrate nitrogen residual in 0-200 cm depth,and increase the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-40 cm depth.The effect of nitrogen reduction and control fertilization with ridge film furrow sowing treatment on soil properties and wheat yield was better than the nitrogen reduction and control fertilization treatment.The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for scientifically and rationally reducing fertilizer application and enhancing wheat production in dryland of Loess Plateau.