旱地玉米休闲期秸秆覆盖对农田土壤水肥的调控效应

Study on Regulating Effect of Straw Mulching on Soil Water and Fertilizer in Dryland Maize Fallow Period

研究了2013—2015年旱地玉米冬春休闲期免耕秸秆覆盖种植模式对农田土壤水肥及产量的影响,旨在探索休闲期秸秆覆盖种植的蓄水保墒和土壤培肥机理,为山西省旱地玉米水分生产效率及土地生产力的提高提供理论依据。结果表明,玉米休闲期秸秆覆盖与传统耕作相比,可提高土壤贮水量29 mm,减少土壤蒸发33.6%;土壤有机质含量提高19.8%,全氮含量提高8.4%;并且产量提高7.0%,水分利用效率提高11.3%。旱地玉米冬春休闲期秸秆覆盖模式较传统耕作,可有效抑制土壤蒸发,减少无效耗水,提高上年秋雨和休闲期降水的保蓄率,可增加耕层土壤贮水量,同时提高玉米产量和水分利用效率,是减缓春旱的重要措施,并具有培肥土壤的功能。

The effects of no tillage straw mulching planting mode on soil water,fertilizer and yield of dryland maize in winter and spring fallow period from 2013 to 2015 were studied to explore the water storage and soil fertility mechanism of straw mulching planting in fallow period,and provide theoretical basis for improving water production efficiency and land productivity of dryland maize in Shanxi province.The results showed that compared with traditional tillage,straw mulching in maize fallow period could increase soil water storage by 29 mm,reduce soil evaporation by 33.6%,increase soil organic matter content by 19.8%and total nitrogen content by 8.4%,and the yield and water use efficiency increased by 7.0%and 11.3%,respectively.Compared with conventional tillage,the straw mulching cropping pattern in the winter and spring fallow period could effectively inhibit soil evaporation,reduce the ineffective water consumption,improve the storage rate of year of autumn rain and fallow period precipitation,increase soil holding of arable layer,increase the crop yield and water use efficiency at the same time.The straw mulching cropping pattern is one of the important measures to slow down the spring drought,and has the function of improving soil fertility.