农村劳动力流动对脱贫的影响文献综述

Literature review on the impact of rural labor mobility onpoverty alleviation in China

关于农村劳动力流动与贫困之间的关系一直是社会各界广泛关注的焦点。本研究通过对相关文献的梳理,针对劳动力外出务工的减贫效应,从贫困缓解论、贫困加剧论以及不确定论三方面进行概述,重点分析劳动力流动对我国农村贫困的影响及机制。结果表明,农村劳动力外出务工通过提高农户非农收入和改善整个社会的资源配置效率在收入维度上对农村贫困具有一定减缓作用,但同时,受农村劳动力过量流失的影响,外出务工在农户生活照料及社会保障等多维贫困上并未表现出显著作用,甚至存在一定负面影响。因此,应把握好劳动力外出之度,促进劳动力就近就业,同时加强对农村留守人员的社会保障,以实现多维脱贫、乡村繁荣。

The relationship between rural labor mobility and poverty has always been a high concern.Based on the related literature,this paper summarizes the poverty alleviation theory,poverty aggravation theory and uncertainty theory about the impact of rural labor mobility,and analyzes the mechanisms behind these impacts.The results show that rural labor mobility can reduce the poverty through the increase of non-farm income of rural households and the improvement of the efficiency of social resource allocation.However,due to the excessive loss of rural labor force,labor mobility has a negative effect on multidimensional poverty,such as lack of household care and social security.Therefore,we should promote the employments within rural areas,and strengthen the social security of rural left behind,so as to achieve multidimensional poverty alleviation and rural prosperity.