全球视野的德育理念:目标、内容、策略及启示——基于联合国教科文组织教育文献的研究

A Global Perspective of Moral Education Concept:Goals,Contents,Strategies and Enlightenments——A Study Based on UNESCO Educational Literature

联合国教科文组织的教育文献提出了一系列具有重要启示价值的德育主张和观点,形成了较为系统的德育理念,涉及德育目标、德育内容、德育策略等方面。教科文组织基于个体、个体与他人、个体与社会等维度建构德育目标,选择品性教育、人权教育、和平教育、跨文化教育、公民教育、环境教育等作为德育内容,高度重视发挥德育课程、教材、教师的作用以推动德育策略的实施。教科文组织教育文献中的德育理念对我国德育工作也有诸多启示,我国德育目标的确立要坚持社会取向与个体取向相结合、坚持民族精神与世界精神相统一的原则;德育内容应当具有鲜明的时代性和强烈的现实性,积极回应时代和现实诉求;要高度重视德育课程和教材建设、促进德育教师专业发展。

The literature of UNESCO on educationputs forward a series of moral education propositions and viewpoints with important enlightening value,forming a relatively systematic moral education concept,which involves the goals,contents,and strategies.UNESCO constructs moral education goals based on the dimensions of individual,individual and others,individual and society,and selects character education,human rights education,peace education,cross-cultural education,civic education,environmental education,etc.as moral education content,and attaches great importance to the use of moral education courses,paying great attention to the role of teaching materials and teachers to promote the implementation of moral education strategies.The moral education concepts in UNESCO education documents also provide many enlightenments to our country’s moral education work in three aspects.First,we must adhere to the principle of unifying social and individual interest,the national and world spirit to achieve the goals of moral education.Second,moral education content should have a strong connection with time and reality and actively respond to the demands of the times and reality.Third,we must attach great importance to the construction of moral education courses and teaching materials,and promote the professional development of moral education teachers to promote the smooth implementation of moral education.