道光年间滇南土司地区社会乱象与国家治理——以《滇事杂档》史料为中心

Social Disorders and State Governance in the Tusi Area of Southern Yunnan in the Daoguang Period——Based on the Historical Materials of"Miscellaneous Events of Yunnan"

针对道光年间滇南土司地区因匪乱频繁、土司滋事而引发的社会乱象,清政府从政治体制与土司权力一体性、地方流官与滇南土司的共治性、团练乡约与宗族组织的联动性三条进路进行国家治理,推动了中央政府权力控制社会的底层化和基层社会日常事务的国家权力场域化,使国家治理与地方自治达到了一定程度的融合。滇南土司地区的社会乱象蕴涵着恢宏叙事和宏大历史:一是国家社会形态的突变,二是王朝权威的下降,三是滇南土司乘机生乱,四是国家、地方和民间三级治理体系融合不够。

In response to the social chaos caused by frequent banditry and disturbances in the Tusi area in southern Yunnan during the Daoguang period,the Qing government carried out three ways to governance the nation.So that the national governance and local autonomy have reached a certain degree of integration.The social chaos in the Tusi area of southern Yunnan had many reasons,such as the sudden change of the social form of the country,decline of the authority of the emperor,the Tusi took advantage of the opportunity to cause chaos,some people in southern Yunnan colluded with foreign"traitors"and"bandits",the three-level governance system of the state was not integrated enough.To deeply understand the social reality of this ares during the Daoguang period will provide reference for contemporary national governance.