患者对护士刻板印象的干预策略研究

A study on intervention strategies for patients′stereotyping of nurses

目的通过分析患者对护士的刻板印象,探讨改善患者对护士刻板印象的策略。方法采用质性研究中的现象学分析法,用目的抽样法对12例住院患者进行半结构式访谈。结果患者对护士的刻板印象可归纳为3个主题,主要是患者对护士角色的认知、患者对护患关系的刻板印象和患者视角影响护患关系的因素3个方面,其中影响护患关系的因素包括医生对护士的态度、媒体报道的舆论效应和患者自身负性心理体验。结论患者对护士产生的消极刻板印象情况不容乐观,建议通过重塑理想的护士角色、构建和谐的信任关系和提供友好的"他者"支持来实现改善患者对护士的刻板印象。

Objective To explore strategies of improving patients'stereotyping of nurses,by analyzing patients′stereotypes of nurses.Methods The phenomenological analysis method in qualitative research was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 12 inpatients by objective sampling method.Results The patients′stereotype of nurses could be summarized into three topics,it mainly consisted of three aspects:patients′cognition of the role of nurses,patients′stereotype of nurse-patient relationship and factors affecting nurse-patient relationship from patients′perspective,among which factors affecting nurse-patient relationship included doctors′attitude towards nurses,public opinion effect of media reports and patients′negative psychological experience.Conclusions The prejudice of patients to the relationship between nurses and patients is not optimistic,it is suggested to improve patients′stereotyping of nurses by reconstructing the ideal role of nurses,building harmonious trusting relationships and providing friendly support from the"others".