老子身体观视域下的体育

Sports in the Physical Views of Lao Zi

身体是体育的载体和基础,老子虽然没有直接论述过体育,但他对身体的独特理解蕴含着别具一格的体育观。在老子那里,身体具有同自然一样的本体论特征,它内在包含着身心天然合一的身体结构观、贵柔守气的身体功能观、顺应自然的身体安置观。老子的自然主义身体观决定了他必然把保全身体作为人生的根本目的,由之形成关于体育活动的“摄生视界”:拒绝有意识身体开发的活动,允许身体活动形式多样化,对开展体育活动的条件不刻意强求。在老子这种具有超越性的摄生视界之下,现代体育的片面性是显而易见的,具体表现为三个方面:身心二分传统根本无法消解体育中的异化问题,偏执于以身为主体的西方体育观无法平等对待其他体育形式与传统,对竞技体育中的一系列具体问题缺乏辩证理解。

Body is the carrier and foundation of sports.Lao Zi didn't directly discussed sports,but had unique understanding of body,including unique physical view.Like nature,body has ontology features,in the opinion of Lao Zi.It includes harmonious body structure view,continuous body function view,and natural body positioning view.Due to his naturalistic physical view,Lao Zi inevitably considered keeping body complete as the fundamental goal of life and accordingly formed"health preservation view"on sports activities:To refuse to participate in intentional physical development activities,to allow to diversify physical activities,and not to deliberately impose conditions for sports activities.In such transcendent health preservation view of Lao Zi,modern sports are obviously one-sided in three aspects:The mind-body dualism traditionally cannot solve the alienation issue in sports at all,Western sports view with a focus on body cannot equally treat other sports forms and traditions,and there is not any dialectical understanding of a range of specific problems in competitive sports.