韵脚字系联法运用过程中入韵字的字音选择问题

On the Issue of Choosing the Pronunciation of Rhyme Words in the Process of Interconnecting

人们系联历代韵脚字以研究语音史,都利用《广韵》《集韵》等韵书确定这些字的中古韵属,也就是在采用系联法时,兼用反切比较法。本文针对这项研究中比对中古韵书以确定押韵字韵属时出现的一些不足,从要注意传世古书确有非原书之旧的情况、要注意表面押韵不和谐而实和谐的情况、要区分韵脚字的语音对应关系和对比关系、要注意字词的不一致现象,以及不别义的异读字字音选取、别义的异读字音选取等方面,引举具体例证,阐明在韵脚字系联法运用过程中如何选择入韵字的字音以分析汉语语音演变的问题。

When interconnecting the rhyme words to study Chinese phonological history,we all consult rhyme books,like Guǎngyùn(广韵)and Jíyùn(集韵),to determine which rhyme a word belong to in mediaeval age.It means that when adopting the interconnection method,the comparison method of Fanqie is used as well.However,there are some shortcomings in the process of applying the method.Thus,in this paper we cite some specific examples so as to demonstrate how to choose the proper pronunciation of rhyme words in the process of interconnecting to analyze the evolution of Chinese phonology.And the issues we should pay attention to are as follows.Firstly,the handed down ancient literatures may not remain as they were when written.Secondly,some seemingly disharmonious rhyme words do rhyme harmoniously.Thirdly,we should distinguish the corresponding relationship and the contrasting relationship of sounds of the rhyme words.Fourthly,the differences between characters and words are important.Finally,if the rhyme word has more than one pronunciation,we should adopt different methods in choosing the proper one according to the match between sound and meaning.